1/14. Influenza pneumonia in a paediatric lung transplant recipient.Although a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the general population, influenza infections are uncommon in lung transplant recipients and, to date, have only been associated with transient declines in pulmonary function and a relatively benign clinical course. This paper describes severe influenza pneumonia in a 13-year-old paediatric lung transplant recipient (5 months after double lung transplantation). Influenza pneumonia was diagnosed by direct fluorescent antibody testing and viral culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The patient required mechanical ventilation for 2 days due to respiratory failure and fatigue. Since his recovery from this pneumonia, he has developed obliterative bronchiolitis and currently awaits re-transplantation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = alveolar (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/14. Reversible frontal lobe syndrome associated with influenza virus infection in children.Two patients, a 3-year-old female and a 1-year-old female, both with a focal encephalopathic process associated with influenza a virus infection, are reported. Both children had neuropsychologic signs suggesting frontal and limbic dysfunction, without disturbances of consciousness or motor function, and had good recoveries. The results of single-photon emission computed tomography and electroencephalography support the finding of reversible impairment of the frontal and limbic areas. Focal reversible encephalopathy has rarely been reported in association with influenza virus infection, although it often provokes diffuse encephalopathies, with a poor prognosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0015552085458925keywords = process (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/14. Influenza-associated encephalopathy in japan: pathogenesis and treatment.It is estimated that more than 100 children die of influenza-associated encephalopathy (influenza encephalopathy) every year in japan. Influenza encephalopathy is distinct from Reye's syndrome. Specifically, 20% of influenza encephalopathy patients exhibit bilateral thalamic necrosis on neuroimaging, a lesion referred to as acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE). Influenza encephalopathy may develop by the same pathogenetic mechanisms as ANE, possibly via vasoactive substances or a process leading to vasoconstriction in the central nervous system (CNS). A novel substitution at the receptor-binding site (Tyr 137 to Phe) was reported to be found exclusively in influenza type A (H3N2) viruses isolated from patients with influenza encephalopathy, suggesting that encephalopathy may be caused by a variant influenza type A (H3N2) virus. Recently, it has been reported that cytokines may mediate the disease and that a high plasma concentration of interleukin-6 could be an indicator of progression to encephalopathy. Although it is unknown whether influenza virus invades the CNS, amantadine therapy for influenza encephalopathy has been tried in japan, in patients in whom influenza type A infection has been demonstrated by rapid antigen detection tests.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0015552085458925keywords = process (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/14. Characteristics of human sperm chromatin structure following an episode of influenza and high fever: a case study.semen samples from a fertile patient presenting with influenza and a 1-day fever of 39.9 degrees C were obtained and analyzed at 18-66 days postfever (dpf) for sperm nuclear proteins, dna stainability, free thiols (-SH), and susceptibility to dna denaturation in situ. At 18 dpf, 36% of sperm demonstrated denatured dna as measured by the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), and decreased to 23% by 39 dpf. Samples at 33 and 39 dpf contained 49% and 30%, respectively, of cells with increased dna stainability (HIGRN). A unique sperm nuclear protein band migrating between histones and protamines on acid-urea gels appeared at 33 and 39 dpf and nearly disappeared by 52 dpf. Amino acid sequencing of the first 8 N-terminal residues identified this protein as the precursor to protamine 2. The protamine P1 and P2 ratio remained normal, whereas the histone to protamine ratio increased slightly at 33 to 39 dpf. Flow cytometric measurements of nuclear -SH groups revealed the greatest reduction in free nuclear thiols at 33 dpf, and returned to normal by 45 dpf. The time of appearance of the unprocessed protamine 2 precursor and the relative increase in histone suggest a fever-related disruption of the synthesis of mRNA that codes for a P2 processing enzyme or enzymes. Increased dna staining is likely due to the increased histone/protamine ratio. This case study demonstrates that fever/influenza can have latent effects on sperm chromatin structure and may result in transient release of abnormal sperm.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.003110417091785keywords = process (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/14. pathology of fatal human infection associated with avian influenza A H5N1 virus.Eighteen cases of human influenza A H5N1 infection were identified in hong kong from May to December 1997. Two of the six fatal cases had undergone a full post-mortem which showed reactive hemophagocytic syndrome as the most prominent feature. Other findings included organizing diffuse alveolar damage with interstitial fibrosis, extensive hepatic central lobular necrosis, acute renal tubular necrosis and lymphoid depletion. Elevation of soluble interleukin-2 receptor, interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma was demonstrated in both patients, whereas secondary bacterial pneumonia was not observed. Virus detection using isolation, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining were all negative. It is postulated that in fatal human infections with this avian subtype, initial virus replication in the respiratory tract triggers hypercytokinemia complicated by the reactive hemophagocytic syndrome. These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of influenza A H5N1 infection might be different from that of the usual human subtypes H1-H3.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = alveolar (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/14. cardiac tamponade and septic shock caused by viral infection in a previously healthy woman.A previously healthy woman was admitted to hospital after 'flu-like' symptoms for 5 days followed by acute intense abdominal and lower back pain. On admission she was found to be in severe shock and was transferred to the ICU. echocardiography revealed cardiac tamponade, and pericardiocentesis was performed immediately. Thereafter her cardiovascular state improved, but she developed hypotension with low systemic vascular resistance and required vasoactive treatment for 4 days. Nine days after admission the patient was transferred to the ward, after which she recovered rapidly and completely. The cause of her illness was extensively screened. No underlying disease was found, and all bacterial cultures remained negative. Acute virus infection was confirmed by diagnostic elevations of antibody titers to Influenza A and adenovirus. Adenovirus was also isolated from her bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = alveolar (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/14. Influenza a-associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy.Acute inflammatory processes of the brain tissue and meninges caused by viruses are relatively common and may be caused by a number of different viral agents. The specific etiological agent is not identified in many instances. Most cases completely recover. The prognosis depends upon the severity of the clinical illness, the specific etiology, and the age of the child. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is an important clinical type of encephalitis. In recent years, many cases of ANE caused by influenza a virus infection have been reported from different Eastern and European countries. In this paper we describe a young child with influenza A-associated ANE.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0015552085458925keywords = process (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/14. Intranuclear fibrillary inclusions in influenza pneumonia.Electron microscopical study of the lung tissue from a 75-year-old man who died of influenza pneumonia (A/victoria/RI/76) demonstrated fibrillary inclusions in the nuclei of many alveolar lining cells, in bronchial epithelial cells, and also in endothelial cells. These inclusions were morphologically different from those previously reported in experimental animals. In view of previous experimental studies indicating the necessity of nuclear participation in the replication of influenza virus, these inclusions may be virus-induced structures. Also, possibly the presence of these inclusions in the nuclei of many endothelial cells might be indicative of endothelial damage of microvessels and may be a pathogenetically important factor in influenza pneumonia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = alveolar (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/14. Interferon production in children with respiratory syncytial, influenza, and parainfluenza virus infections.To better understand the recovery process of infants with lower respiratory tract disease due to respiratory syncytial virus, the production of interferon by 129 children (ages 10 days to 24 months) with RSV infection was compared to that of 20 children with influenza (ages 1 to 36 months), and 37 children with parainfluenza virus infection (ages 4 to 66 months). Interferon assays of 285 nasal washes from children with RSV revealed that interferon production occurred in only 5 (4%) of the children. Significantly more children infected with infleunza virus, 55% (P less than 0.001), and parainfluenza virus, 30% (P less than 0.001), produced interferon. In addition, the quantity of interferon produced by children with RSV (geometric mean titer = 2) was significantly less than that of children with influenza (GMT = 26.8, P less than 0.001) and parainfluenza virus (GMT = 23.5, P less than 0.001). In the children infected with RSV, in constrast to those with influenza, interferon detection was not associated with diminished shedding of virus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0015552085458925keywords = process (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/14. Influenza in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.Although patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) might be expected to have more severe illness due to influenza virus infection than normal persons, the course of influenza in such patients has not been well delineated. We describe six consecutive hiv-infected patients at san francisco General Hospital in whom influenza virus was isolated from induced sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage specimens between December 1988 and March 1989. Although neither clinical presentation of influenza nor rate of secondary complications appeared to be altered from that in healthy individuals, our power of comparison was limited by small sample size. However, a high prevalence of hypoxemia and a trend toward prolonged duration of illness were identified. Larger, controlled studies are needed to define the course of influenza virus infection in hiv-infected patients as compared with nonimmunosuppressed patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = alveolar (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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