1/26. Influenza infection in patients before and after liver transplantation.Infection with influenza virus poses specific problems in pediatric and adult liver transplant recipients, both before and after liver transplantation. These include a higher rate of pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications, development of rejection with graft dysfunction, prolonged shedding of influenza virus, and increased drug-resistance. Hepatic decompensation may occur during influenza infection in patients with cirrhosis. Current prophylaxis includes yearly vaccination with trivalent inactivated vaccine. Appropriate diagnosis and prompt treatment of any upper respiratory infections are indicated in these patients. In this review, we describe a case of influenza viral pneumonia in an adult liver transplant recipient, review basic and clinical aspects of influenza infection in this patient population, and discuss current modes of prevention and treatment in detail.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/26. pathology of fatal human infection associated with avian influenza A H5N1 virus.Eighteen cases of human influenza A H5N1 infection were identified in hong kong from May to December 1997. Two of the six fatal cases had undergone a full post-mortem which showed reactive hemophagocytic syndrome as the most prominent feature. Other findings included organizing diffuse alveolar damage with interstitial fibrosis, extensive hepatic central lobular necrosis, acute renal tubular necrosis and lymphoid depletion. Elevation of soluble interleukin-2 receptor, interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma was demonstrated in both patients, whereas secondary bacterial pneumonia was not observed. Virus detection using isolation, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining were all negative. It is postulated that in fatal human infections with this avian subtype, initial virus replication in the respiratory tract triggers hypercytokinemia complicated by the reactive hemophagocytic syndrome. These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of influenza A H5N1 infection might be different from that of the usual human subtypes H1-H3.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 15485.711796877keywords = respiratory tract, tract (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/26. Intravenous ribavirin by constant infusion for serious influenza and parainfluenzavirus infection.Three patients with severe lower respiratory tract influenza or parainfluenzavirus infections were treated with continuous ribavirin infusion, given as a 5 mg/kg/hour (h) loading infusion for 8 h followed by 1.5 mg/kg/h for 2 to 6 days. This regimen was generally well tolerated. plasma ribavirin concentrations were 40 to 60 microM in two patients during the continuous infusion phase and lower concentrations were detectable in tracheobronchial secretions. In temporal association with ribavirin administration, viral shedding diminished in one patient and ceased in two patients, one of whom had developed virus resistant to amantadine. The strategy of continuous ribavirin infusion warrants controlled testing for its antiviral and possible clinical effectiveness.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 15485.711796877keywords = respiratory tract, tract (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/26. Outbreak of meningococcal disease after an influenza B epidemic at a Hellenic Air Force recruit training center.In January 1996, during an outbreak of meningococcal disease at a Hellenic Air Force recruit center in southern greece, we collected paired serum specimens from 55 randomly selected recruits and tested for antibodies against influenza virus types A and B. Of 55 specimens, 15 (27%) were found to be positive for recent influenza B infection, confirming previous reports that respiratory tract infection due to influenza is probably a predisposing factor for meningococcal disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 139991.12798858keywords = respiratory tract infection, respiratory tract, tract infection, tract (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/26. Virus-induced asthma attacks.Viral respiratory tract infections are a common cause of asthma attacks. Study of this phenomenon has revealed multiple mechanisms and contributed to understanding of the increase in airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction observed in this context. Changes in the neural control of the airways contribute to bronchoconstriction, which is reflected in an increased efficacy of anticholinergic medications during acute asthma attacks. The ability to prevent or treat viral respiratory tract infections is currently limited. However, as more effective antiviral treatments and vaccines become available, such therapies are likely to be effective in patients with asthma. Clinical management of this problem is illustrated in this article by the case of a 40-year-old woman with history of mild asthma who was admitted to an intensive care unit with severe bronchospasm and an upper respiratory tract infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 425498.94194207keywords = respiratory tract infection, respiratory tract, upper respiratory tract, tract infection, tract, upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/26. Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm after acute influenza A myocardiopericarditis.We describe the successful management of a rare case regarding an adult Caucasian who developed a left inferior ventricular pseudoaneurysm as a consequence of an influenza a virus infection of the upper respiratory tract followed by acute myocardiopericarditis. The cardiovascular features of this case illustrate the importance of raising a sufficient clinical index of suspicion for this common, but potentially lethal, entity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 21011.269773202keywords = respiratory tract, upper respiratory tract, tract, upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/26. Pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.We report a case of severe tracheobronchitis caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in a man exhibiting symptoms of upper airway obstruction after infection with influenza. bronchoscopy revealed diffuse pseudomembrane formation throughout the trachea and bilateral bronchi, which were nearly obstructed. In this case, it was helpful to perform bronchoscopy, protected brushing and tracheotomy immediately in order to avoid choking.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/26. influenza a virus infection and cardiac arrhythmia during the neonatal period.Influenza virus infection during pregnancy increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, preterm contractions, fetal compromise and early neonatal mortality. We describe a case of fetal and neonatal cardiac arrhythmia coinciding with an influenza a virus infection. Viral rna was detected in the neonate's nasopharyngeal secretions and also in its serum, indicating influenza viremia. The cardiac arrhythmia resolved spontaneously without antiarrhythmic treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 24.413145119223keywords = tract (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/26. Severe influenza infection in a chronic hepatitis c carrier: failure of protective serum HI antibodies after IM vaccination.BACKGROUND: Influenza is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts. Recommendations exists for vaccination each year, yet disease can still occur. OBJECTIVES: To describe the course of fulminant influenza infection in a patient with HCV. STUDY DESIGN: Case study in which correlation was made between immunoglobulin response to influenza vaccination to the disease and its unique clinical course caused by influenza virus. RESULTS: Influenza A/Jerusalem 17/98 (H(1)N(1)) was isolated from the throat of a chronic hepatitis c carrier who, presented with shortness of breath, and subsequent massive bilateral pneumonia. The patient was previously immunized IM with inactive influenza vaccine. He developed protective levels of humoral antibodies (1:80 hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies) against the three strains of the vaccine that evidently did not prevent respiratory infection. The development of massive bilateral pneumonia and continued presence of influenza virus in the respiratory tract may have been due to his underlying medical condition and possible lack of mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies. CONCLUSION: We have presented a case of prolonged influenza infection post vaccination. This case emphasizes the importance of an improved vaccine that would stimulate a better immunologic response, especially in immunocompromised patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 15485.711796877keywords = respiratory tract, tract (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/26. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood associated with influenza type B virus infection in a 3-year-old girl.Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood represents a novel entity of acute encephalophathy, predominantly affecting infants and young children living in taiwan and japan. It manifests with symptoms of coma, convulsions, and hyperpyrexia after 2 to 4 days of respiratory tract infections in previously healthy children. The hallmark of acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood consists of multifocal and symmetric brain lesions affecting the bilateral thalami, brainstem tegmentum, cerebral periventricular white matter, or cerebellar medulla. The etiology and pathogenesis of this kind of acute encephalopathy remain unknown, and there is no specific therapy or prevention. The prognosis is usually poor, and less than 10% of patients recover completely. We report a 3-year-old previously healthy girl presenting with acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood associated with influenza type B virus infection, which resulted in severe neurologic sequelae. We also review the current knowledge of the clinical, neuroimaging, and pathologic aspects of acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 139991.12798858keywords = respiratory tract infection, respiratory tract, tract infection, tract (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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