1/6. Acute meningococcemia without meningitis in association with influenza-like illness.An outbreak of meningococcal disease in a family of six resulted in four simultaneous cases of meningococcemia without meningitis. Although no definite explanation for this unusual collection of meningococcemia cases could be identified, a preceding influenza-like illness in the family may have increased their susceptibility to meningococcemia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = meningitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/6. Post-viral influenza streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia in an intravenous drug abuser.Viral influenza is a seasonal cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Viral influenza may be caused by influenza A or B and affect any age group. Viral influenza A is usually more severe than influenza B in adults. Viral influenza may present as 3 clinical scenarios: viral influenza alone, viral influenza followed in 1 to 3 days by staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, or viral influenza followed in 1 to 3 weeks by pneumonia caused by streptococcus pneumoniae or haemophilus influenzae. Intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) are predisposed to a variety of infectious diseases but are not particularly predisposed to viral influenza. We present a case of a young IVDA who presented with influenza A pneumonia who subsequently developed S. pneumoniae CAP. The pneumonococcal suprainfection was severe and prolonged and characterized by a small cavity, empyema, pneumatoceles, and bronchopleural fistulae. S. pneumoniae pleural effusions are uncommon, but pleural empyemas are often demonstrated. Tracheobronchial fistulae and cavitation are rare complications of S. pneumoniae CAP in adults. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of post-viral influenza pneumococcal pneumonia in an IVDA.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.393148594269keywords = pneumoniae (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/6. Fatal group A streptococcal myopericarditis during influenza A infection.Influenza A infection can be a serious and life-threatening disease in young children. Even in those who die, however, the cause of death may not be obvious. In this illustrative report, a 7-year-old child with acute influenza A infection developed an unsuspected fatal secondary infection caused by group A streptococcus. The diagnosis of bacterial myopericarditis was made at autopsy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.30363061306069keywords = streptococcus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/6. Influenza A and the virus associated haemophagocytic syndrome: cluster of three cases in children with acute leukaemia.At the height of the United Kingdom influenza A epidemic in December 1989, three children receiving treatment for non-T cell acute leukaemia developed pancytopenia with concomitant influenza A infection. Bone marrow histology showed prominent marrow erythrophagocytosis by morphologically mature histiocytes, consistent with the picture of virus associated haemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS). In two cases there was an initial spontaneous recovery, though recurrence of VAHS developed in one case in association with a different viral infection (cytomegalovirus) following autologous bone marrow transplantation. The third child died from cardiorespiratory failure secondary to infection with influenza A and klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis. It is suggested that influenza A should be added to the list of infective causative agents.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.42414357428362keywords = pneumoniae (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/6. labyrinthitis ossificans.Three cases with postinflammatory inner ear sequelae are presented to illustrate unusual histopathologic changes. endolymphatic hydrops without changes in the perilymphatic system was present in one ear following "influenza" meningitis and labyrinthitis ossificans in the contralateral ear. The characteristic histopathological changes of the temporal bones with hematogenic bacterial infection were an extensive labyrinthine ossification associated with a generalized sclerotic change of the whole periotic bone. Bony fixation of the stapedial footplate occurred with the generalized inflammatory process of the otic capsule. Severe and diffuse labyrinthitis ossificans occurred in one case due to tympanogenic inflammation spreading through the round window membrane in the course of suppurative otitis media. A general immunosuppression leading to fatal termination was the apparent factor predisposing to the inner ear complication.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = meningitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/6. Cellular elements in the urine in health and in acute infectious diseases, especially with respect to the presence of haematuria. A study with application of millipore procedure and Papanicolaou staining.The excretion of cellular per litre of urine amounted in healthy persons to, in round figures, one million epithelial cells (2.5 cells per visual field) in both sexes, one million leukocytes in males, one million erythrocytes in females and 0.5 million in males. The maximal excretion was calculated to be 5-6 million per litre. In acute infections the number of epithelial cells and leukocytes in the urine rose to more than the double. Pathological microscopic haematuria, judged by exceeding of the maximal value for normal excretion during the acute phase (24 or more erythrocytes per visual field), occurred in no case of mycoplasma infection, in about 4% of measles, mononucleosis, serous meningitis and hepatitis cases, in about 8% of mumps and streptococcal infections, and in more than 20% of influenza A2 cases. Statistical significance or probable significant existed between influenza and other diseases. The haematuria was unrelated either to the general degenerative or to the specific inclusion-provocative reaction within the renal and urinary tract epithelium. The cause is sought in an involvement of glomeruli with increased diapedesis. The special position of influenza may be explained by the marked haemorrhagic reactions produced by this infection. In one case persistent haematuria combined with increased content of inclusion-bearing cells occurred after influenza. Immunoglobulin deposition in glomerular mesangium may perhaps be one explanation of this haematuria.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = meningitis (Clic here for more details about this article) |