1/29. meconium peritonitis.meconium peritonitis can have a wide range of presentations. This report discusses two cases that have recently appeared in our neonatal intensive care unit. The first report discusses the case of a meconium pseudocyst in a preterm infant. The second case reports on a newborn baby with a healed bowel perforation during the prenatal period. Finally, a brief discussion of meconium peritonitis is also included.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = meconium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/29. Successful use of the "patch, drain, and wait" laparotomy approach to perforated necrotizing enterocolitis: is hypoxia-triggered "good angiogenesis" involved?The traditional and most frequently employed surgical approach to perforated necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), laparotomy and bowel resection with enterostomy creation, has been associated with an unacceptably high mortality and major morbidity (sepsis, short-gut syndrome, strictures, long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN), prolonged and costly hospitalizations with multiple operations, the inevitable open-and-close procedure for "hopeless" extensive gut ischemia in approximately 10% of laparotomy cases, etc.). The use of the laparotomy "patch, drain, and wait" (PD&W) approach to this serious of NEC complication has provided a simple, direct, and effective means of dealing with this problem. The basic principle is to resect no gut and do no enterostomies. The details are presented here as well as the multiple types of "patching" and the importance of use of extensive direct-vision draining with bilateral small Penrose drains from the undersurfaces of both diaphragms into the pelvis with exit sites in both lower quadrants. Proper and effective patching and draining cannot be done blindly,but requires direct vision (laparotomy or laparoscopy). The critical components and timing of the "waiting" are emphasized, including the vital importance of strict avoidance of early post-drainage laparotomy in the 7- to 14-day post-drainage period (whether the drainage is percutaneous, laparotomy PD&W, or laparoscopy PD&W) due to the early, life-threatening-ending hypervascularity that occurs at this time and if left unmolested will function beneficially as life- and gut-saving "good angiogenesis". The bilateral Penrose drains capture fecal fistulas and function quite well as de-facto enterostomies as the peritoneal cavity is rapidly obliterated by adhesions and massive, florid hypervascularity/gut hypoxia triggered "good angiogenesis" (no peritoneal cavity, no peritonitis). Broad-spectrum triple antibiotics and the routine use of TPN contribute to favorable results. The lessons/experiments of nature encountered in newborns with midgut atresia(s) and remarkable levels of gut survival, in the occasional case with only meconium peritonitis and no obstruction ("auto-anastomosis") are pertinent here as the TPN of PD&W is provided in atresia(s) by the maternal-placental circulation and the sterile peritoneal cavity of atresia(s) is simulated by the combination of antibiotics and peritoneal-cavity obliteration. life- and gut-saving "good angiogenesis" is common to both situations. A 15-year personal experience with the PD&W laparotomy approach to perforated NEC in 23 cases is reported here with no mortality in the initial 60 postoperative days, no major morbidity, and no second operation required in 70% (spontaneous "auto-anastomosis") of cases. All infants with extensive gut ischemia/necrosis (NEC totalis) who would otherwise be classified as "hopeless" and managed by open-and-close only were managed in this experience successfully by PD&W with preservation of both life and an adequate amount of gut, although a second operation was required in these cases to re-establish intestinal continuity. A particularly striking observation was the rapid transition of these infants from profound illness to near-normalcy in a matter of hours after the initiation of PD&W--much like the rapid clinical changes accompanying the lancing of a boil or an abscess. An involvement of hypoxia-induced "good angiogenesis" with marked hypervascularity and involving molecules, genes, and receptors of the vascular endothelial growth factor family of hypoxia-induced angiogenesis molecules is speculated upon, and clinical studies to document these speculations are suggested as well as studies evaluating the potential of laparoscopic PD&W. The usefulness of Argyle chest-tube "venting" and "stenting" by trans-anal passage above colonic "patched" areas as seen in 2 cases is worthy of further study and use.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = meconium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/29. prenatal diagnosis of meconium peritonitis in a twin pregnancy after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. A case report.BACKGROUND: meconium peritonitis occurring in pregnancies following artificial reproductive techniques (art) is rare. We report the first case of meconium peritonitis following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). CASE: A 37-year-old woman attended our in vitro fertilization (IVF) program because her husband suffered from hypospermatogenetic azoospermia due to cancer surgery and radiotherapy. The patient achieved a twin pregnancy through ICSI from testicular sperm extraction at our IVF center. meconium peritonitis, fetal ascites, polyhydramnios, bowel dilatation, hydrocele and intraabdominal calcification were noted in one of the twins on ultrasound at 30 weeks' gestation. cesarean section due to breech presentation in labor was performed at 36 weeks' gestation. A normal female and male infant with a distended abdomen were delivered. Emergency laparotomy was performed on the male twin because of dyspnea. A 0.2-cm perforation was found in the terminal ileum. Ileotomy was performed and closed after 27 days. CONCLUSION: prenatal diagnosis of meconium peritonitis is possible through careful ultrasonographic examination, and early surgical intervention and intensive postoperative support are required to improve the prognosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = meconium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/29. biliary atresia associated with meconium peritonitis caused by perforation of small bowel atresia.BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: This report describes our experiences with 5 cases of biliary atresia associated with meconium peritonitis caused by perforation of small bowel atresia. methods: A review of medical records was undertaken in an effort to recognize cases of biliary atresia associated with meconium peritonitis. RESULTS: Five patients of 171 with biliary atresia (2.9%) were detected to have meconium peritonitis caused by perforation of small bowel atresia. The biliary atresia was not suspected during the initial operation for meconium peritonitis. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) made it difficult to make an early differential diagnosis of biliary atresia because of the presence of TPN-associated cholestatic jaundice, and the Roux-en-Y limb used for hepatic portoenterostomy could not be made long enough to prevent cholangitis caused by preexisting short bowel. The main complications were severe, intractable cholangitis, short bowel syndrome with malnutrition; TPN-associated liver injury; and wound problems. Two patients died of ascending cholangitis, 1 patient of liver failure that was exacerbated by TPN-associated liver injury, and 1 patient is awaiting a liver transplant. Only 1 patient is in good health, being anicteric and showing normal growth and development. CONCLUSIONS: biliary atresia is evidently closely associated with meconium peritonitis caused by perforation of small bowel atresia. The management of these patients is more difficult than that of patients with the usual form of biliary atresia, because of the necessity for a long period of TPN and the combined short bowel syndrome. The ideal management of these conditions has yet to be determined.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4.5keywords = meconium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/29. meconium thorax: A case of Bochdalek hernia and cecal perforation in a neonate with Job's syndrome.meconium peritonitis most often is associated with congenital intestinal obstruction and meconium ileus. Uncommonly, other etiologies are identified. Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (Job's syndrome) is a rare genetic disorder that is characterized by recurrent staphylococcal respiratory and skin infections in addition to elevated serum IgE levels. There have been 2 previously reported cases of intestinal complications associated with Job's syndrome. The current case is the third such case and is the first report of meconium peritonitis in a patient with hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome. The patient presented with a meconium thorax as a result of a concurrent congenital diaphragmatic hernia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5keywords = meconium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/29. Fetal meconium peritonitis in single and twin pregnancy. Two cases report.We present two cases of fetal meconium peritonitis in a single and twin pregnancy, respectively. The first case diagnosis was made at 30 weeks and was confirmed after delivery of the twins by cesarean section at 37 weeks. The second case diagnosis was made at 31 week and was confirmed at 37 weeks. meconium peritonitis is a rare prenatal complication that results from intrauterine perforation of small bowel with spillage of sterile meconium into peritoneal cavity. We now report two cases of meconium peritonitis diagnosed at 30 and 31 weeks gestation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.5keywords = meconium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/29. meconium peritonitis and pseudo-cyst formation: prenatal diagnosis and post-natal course.OBJECTIVES: Intra-uterine bowel perforation can occur secondary to a variety of abnormalities and cause sterile peritonitis in the fetus (generalised = type I). If sealing of the perforation does not take place, a thick-walled pseudo-cyst can form (type II). methods: Over a 12-year period, 21 616 pregnancies were screened for gastro-intestinal malformations using prenatal ultrasound. We identified 1077 cases suspicious of surgically correctable malformations. Post-natal diagnoses and outcome were worked up retrospectively. RESULT: We found 96 fetuses with suspected gastro-intestinal malformations. Prenatal bowel perforation with meconium peritonitis was confirmed in 11 cases. In 5 of these 11, the correct diagnosis had been predicted prenatally. One child presented as a fetal and neonatal emergency (case report). Ten of the eleven infants were operated on during their first day of life. Intra-operative findings were atresia (n = 4), meconium ileus (n = 6) and no obvious cause (n = 1). Two children suffered fatal complications. CONCLUSION: meconium peritonitis and meconium pseudo-cysts as its special manifestation are assessable by prenatal diagnosis but present in different ways. They can present as fetal ascites or echogenic bowel and cause fetal or neonatal distress, requiring close observation and highly specialised care.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5keywords = meconium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/29. meconium obstruction in the very low birth weight premature infant.meconium obstruction of prematurity is a distinct clinical condition that occurs in very low birth weight infants, predisposing them to intestinal perforation and a prolonged hospitalization if not diagnosed and treated promptly. We report a series of 21 infants, including 2 detailed case reports, whose clinical course is indicative of meconium obstruction of prematurity. Specific risk factors are identified along with descriptions of clinical and radiologic findings, disease course, treatment, and outcome. meconium obstruction of prematurity was more common in infants with a maternal history of pregnancy-induced or chronic hypertension, suggesting the possibility of decreased intestinal perfusion prenatally. Inspissated meconium was located most frequently in the distal ileum, making this disease process difficult to treat. Gastrografin enemas were safe, diagnostic, and therapeutic. Delay in diagnosis and treatment was associated with perforation and delay in institution of enteral feeds.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = meconium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/29. Contrast enema depiction of small-bowel volvulus in complicated neonatal bowel obstruction.About one-half of patients with meconium ileus (MI) present with a complication such as volvulus, atresia, meconium peritonitis or giant cystic meconium peritonitis. The treatment of these complications requires surgery. However, the preoperative diagnosis of complicated MI is difficult. We describe two neonates with complicated small-bowel obstruction, one with MI related to cystic fibrosis and the other not related to cystic fibrosis. In both, contrast enema depicted a spiral appearance of the distal small bowel, which at surgery proved to be the result of volvulus associated with antenatal bowel perforation. This appearance of the small bowel on contrast enema in this clinical setting has not been previously described. The recognition of this spiral appearance of the distal small bowel suggests the need for surgery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5keywords = meconium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/29. Perforated tubular duplication of the transverse colon: a rare cause of meconium peritonitis with prenatal diagnosis.The transverse colon is an exceptional location of intestinal duplication. Perforated duplications are rarely described in neonates. meconium peritonitis (MP) can originate from prenatal perforated intestinal duplication. The authors report a case of a baby girl with prenatal diagnosis of MP. Rapid worsening of clinical aspects at birth and the presence of a pneumoperitoneum on systematic abdominal plain radiographs led to urgent surgery on the 1st day of life. laparotomy showed a perforated necrotizing tubular duplication of the transverse colon. Removal of the duplication followed by limited segmental colonic resection and double colostomy were carried out. Follow-up was uneventful.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = meconium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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