1/25. Cerebral arteriovenous malformations and movement disorders.A series of six patients with movement disorders associated with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) is reported. The AVMs were classified according to the Spetzler-Martin classification as grade V (one patient), grade IV (four patients), and as grade III (one patient). One patient had action-induced hemidystonia caused by a contralateral frontoparietal AVM which compressed the putamen and was supplied partially by enlarged lenticulostriate arteries. Two patients presented with unilateral cortical tremor associated with contralateral high-frontal cortical/subcortical AVMs sparing the basal ganglia. Another patient developed hemidystonia and hemichorea-hemiballism after bleeding of a contralateral temporooccipital AVM and subsequent ischemia. Two patients had focal dystonia after thalamic and basal ganglia hemorrhage from AVMs. Five patients were operated on. The movement disorder was abolished in one patient postoperatively. Different mechanisms were identified that are relevant for the development of AVM-related movement disorders: mass effect, diaschisis, local parenchymal altered cerebral blood flow, and hemorrhagic or ischemic structural lesions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = arteriovenous malformation, malformation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/25. Persistent hypoglossal artery associated with arteriovenous malformation: a case report.A rare case of persistent hypoglossal artery in conjunction with arteriovenous malformation was presented. MRA could delineate persistent hypoglossal artery and arteriovenous malformation very clearly. The patient suffered from intracranial hemorrhage from in the 37th week of pregnancy. MRI, MRA, angiography, and CT of this rare condition are reported.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = arteriovenous malformation, malformation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/25. Acute intracranial hemorrhage caused by acupuncture.A 44-year-old Chinese man developed severe occipital headache, nausea, and vomiting during acupuncture treatment of the posterior neck for chronic neck pain. Computed tomography of the head showed hemorrhage in the fourth, third, and lateral ventricles. A lumbar puncture confirmed the presence of blood. magnetic resonance angiography with gadolinium did not reveal any saccular aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations. The patient's headache resolved over a period of 28 days without any neurological deficits. acupuncture of the posterior neck can cause acute intracranial hemorrhage.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = arteriovenous malformation, malformation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/25. Acute cerebellar hemorrhage in a patient with klinefelter syndrome: XXY karyotype obtained postmortem from cells from pericardial fluid.A case of klinefelter syndrome and a spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage in a 12-year-old boy is presented. autopsy revealed that the hemorrhage was due to the rupture of a dilated artery in an arteriovenous malformation in the right cerebellar hemisphere. The small, undescended testes exhibited partial atrophy of the seminiferous tubules. Postmortem chromosome analysis of cells from the pericardial fluid demonstrated a 47, XXY karyotype. He had previous surgical treatment for bilateral thumb polydactyly and patent ductus arteriosus. In juvenile cases of sudden death with overlapping morphological dysgenesis, postmortem karyotyping may provide important diagnostic information.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = arteriovenous malformation, malformation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/25. Transcranial colour Doppler sonography in emergency management of intracerebral haemorrhage caused by an arteriovenous malformation: case report.We present a case which demonstrates the use of transcranial colour Doppler (TCCD) sonography in screening for an underlying arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in a middle-aged hypertensive patient with a spontaneous thalamic haematoma. The AVM was not detected on emergency CT but its presence, site and shape were demonstrated by TCCD, in the presence of a massive cerebral haemorrhage and acute intracranial hypertension.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = arteriovenous malformation, malformation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/25. Intracranial hemorrhage associated with congenital organic disease in neonates. Report of two cases and review of literature.We report on two patients with intracranial hemorrhage associated with primary organic lesions who underwent surgery within 24 h after birth. The primary lesions in the two cases were an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and a brain tumor. The patient with AVM has exhibited normal growth without neurological deficits during follow-up over 18 years, but the patient with brain tumor has exhibited various degrees of neurological deficits and developmental retardation. Timely diagnosis and aggressive surgery may be required for the management of neonatal AVMs with intracerebral hemorrhage.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = arteriovenous malformation, malformation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/25. Unusual presentation of factor xiii deficiency.factor xiii deficiency is a rare inherited bleeding disorder that is often difficult to diagnose. The standard screening tests are normal in these patients and their bleeding phenotype may be variable. We report the case of a 3-year-old girl who presented with an intracranial haemorrhage. Several confounding factors, such as the suspicion of an arteriovenous malformation and the development of a deep venous thrombosis, led to a delay in the diagnosis of factor xiii deficiency. Subsequently, her brother was also found to have severe factor xiii deficiency. This case highlights the importance of a detailed history and of screening families in which index cases have been identified. It should also remind physicians that bleeding disorders may have unusual presentations and should be sought when investigating unexplained bleeding.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = arteriovenous malformation, malformation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/25. A juvenile case of cerebellar arteriovenous malformation (AVM) with gradual onset of headache and ataxia.An 11-year-old male was admitted because of frequent vomiting and truncal ataxia which had lasted for over one week. He had clear consciousness but slowly-progressive mild headache and ataxic gait. Cranial CT revealed a 4 cm hematoma in the right cerebellar hemisphere. Angiography showed a 2 x 2 cm nidus of a pial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the right hemisphere fed from the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery and draining into the inferior hemispheric vein. We performed a surgical resection of the AVM after decompression therapy to counteract the brain edema. He recovered completely without any neurological deficits. This case suggests that cerebellar hemorrhage caused by AVM should be considered as a possible diagnosis when mild symptoms of headache and ataxia proceed gradually.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = arteriovenous malformation, malformation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/25. Fetal cerebellar hemorrhage in a severely growth-restricted fetus: natural history and differential diagnosis from Dandy-Walker malformation.This is a report of an intracerebellar hemorrhage in a severely growth-restricted fetus with pathological Doppler findings of the fetal and uteroplacental circulations. The diagnosis was made sonographically at 22 weeks of gestation and the natural course of the hemorrhage was followed. Interestingly, the final sonographic appearance of the posterior fossa was quite similar to that of the classic form of Dandy-Walker malformation: absence of the vermis and an enlarged fourth ventricle. However, careful sonographic examination showed that the enlargement of the fourth ventricle was actually caused by a porencephalic cystic lesion of the left cerebellar lobe. Pathological examination revealed complete absence of the vermis and cerebellar hypoplasia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.028723996453211keywords = malformation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/25. Endovascular treatment of brain-stem arteriovenous malformations: safety and efficacy.Our purpose was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment of brain-stem arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), reviewing six cases managed in the last 5 years. There were four patients who presented with bleeding, one with a progressive neurological deficit and one with obstructive hydrocephalus. Of the six patients, one showed 100%, one 90%, two 75% and two about 50% angiographic obliteration of the AVM after embolisation; the volume decreased about 75% on average. Five patients had a good outcome and one an acceptable outcome, with a mild postprocedure neurological deficit; none had further bleeding during midterm follow-up. Endovascular management of a brain-stem AVM may be an alternative to treatment such as radiosurgery and microsurgery in selected cases. It may be not as risky as previously thought. Embolisation can reduce the size of the AVM and possibly make it more treatable by radiosurgery and decrease the possibility of radiation injury.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = arteriovenous malformation, malformation (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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