1/43. herpes simplex virus in the trabeculum of an eye with corneal endotheliitis.PURPOSE: To report an eye with corneal endotheliitis and increased intraocular pressure in which the trabeculum demonstrated immunoreactivity for herpes simplex virus. METHOD: Case report. A 62-year-old man presented with increased intraocular pressure, keratic precipitates, and corneal stromal edema in his left eye. The tissue excised during trabeculectomy was immunohistochemically examined for herpetic viruses. RESULT: Immunoreactivity for herpes simplex virus was identified in the trabeculum. CONCLUSION: herpes simplex virus may cause trabeculitis and increased intraocular pressure in patients with corneal endotheliitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = virus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/43. Epithelial changes in early primary herpes simplex virus keratitis. Photomicrographic observations in a case of human infection.PURPOSE: To report the morphology of early corneal epithelial changes in primary herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV 1), and to compare it to that of recurrent HSV 1 and adenovirus keratitis. methods: A 23-year-old man examined with the slit lamp and photographed by non-contact in vivo photomicrography. RESULTS: 3 days after onset the cornea showed myriads of clear epithelial vesicles, two rounded limbal epithelial foci, and scattered, faintly discernible incipient ones. On day 5 several partly confluent foci, and on day 6 typical HSV dendrites were present. HSV 1 was isolated. Serological tests confirmed primary disease. CONCLUSION: The early stage of primary HSV epithelial keratitis differed from recurrent disease by the presence of large numbers of clear vesicles. The photographs, however, captured similar early changes as in recurrent disease, and the subsequent development followed the same pattern. The main sign differentiating primary HSV from adenovirus infections was the early presence of epithelial foci with ulcerative features.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.875keywords = virus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/43. Primary graft failure caused by herpes simplex virus type 1.PURPOSE: To present a cluster of four patients with primary graft failure (PGF) who consecutively underwent a penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) during a period of 17 days in one institution. PKP was performed for reasons unrelated to herpes simplex infection. herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is presented as the possible cause of these PGFs. methods: Viral culture of conjunctival swabs and of a bandage contact lens was performed on VERO, MRC-5, and Hep-2 cells. The four patients underwent subsequent regrafting. polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HSV-1 was carried out on aqueous humor and on a sample of iris and cornea with primers. aqueous humor specimens were pretreated by boiling, and a qiagen extraction was performed according to the instructions of the manufacturer on biopsies of iris and cornea. Immunohistopathology was performed with polyclonal antibodies directed against HSV-1 and -2. RESULTS: culture of a conjunctival swab in three patients and culture of a bandage contact lens in the fourth patient were positive for HSV-1. In three of the four patients, PCR was positive for HSV-1 on aqueous humor and corneal graft tissue. PCR on iris tissue was positive in all patients. In three patients, culture for HSV-1 of aqueous humor and of iris tissue could not be carried out because of insufficient sample. Viral culture of the iris tissue in one patient and of the corneal graft in the four patients were negative. Immunohistopathologic examination was positive for HSV-1 in three cases. CONCLUSION: These case reports strongly support the hypothesis that HSV-1 can be the cause of PGF.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.625keywords = virus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/43. herpes simplex virus 1 transmission through corneal transplantation.Genetic characterisation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) dna isolated from a donor cornea before and after corneal transplantation demonstrated the transmission of HSV-1 through transplantation. This study is the first to provide conclusive evidence for the transmission of HSV-1 by penetrating keratoplasty with subsequent reactivation of donor-derived HSV-1 in the transplanted cornea.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.625keywords = virus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/43. Polymicrobial keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis.PURPOSE: To report a case of polymicrobial infectious keratitis in one eye of a patient who had undergone bilateral simultaneous laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). methods: A 21-year-old healthy female developed infectious keratitis in her right eye after bilateral LASIK surgery. Material obtained from the infective foci was sent for bacterial and fungal cultures and herpes simplex virus antigen detection, and broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy was instituted. RESULTS: staphylococcus epidermidis and fusarium solani were detected on culture and herpes simplex virus antigen was found to be positive. The patient did not respond to medical therapy and subsequently the ulcer perforated. A therapeutic keratoplasty was performed and the final best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40, 1 month after keratoplasty. CONCLUSION: Polymicrobial infectious keratitis, although rare, is a potential sight-threatening complication of LASIK.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = virus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/43. Atypical herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) presenting as a perforated corneal ulcer with a large infiltrate in a contact lens wearer: multinucleated giant cells in the Giemsa smear offered a clue to the diagnosis.PURPOSE: To report a case of atypical herpes simplex keratitis initially diagnosed as bacterial keratitis, in a contact lens wearer. RESULTS: Case report of an 18-year-old woman using contact lenses who presented with pain, redness and gradual decrease in vision in the right eye. Examination revealed a paracentral large stromal infiltrate with a central 2-mm perforation. Corneal and conjunctival scrapings were collected for microbiological investigations. Corneal tissue was obtained following penetrating keratoplasty. Corneal scraping revealed no microorganisms. Giemsa stained smear showed multinucleated giant cells. Conjunctival, corneal scrapings and tissue were positive for herpes simplex virus - 1 (HSV) antigen. Corneal tissue was positive for HSV dna by PCR. CONCLUSIONS: Atypical HSV keratitis can occur in contact lens wearers. A simple investigation like Giemsa stain may offer a clue to the diagnosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.125keywords = virus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/43. Healing of recurrent herpes simplex corneal epithelial lesions treated with topical acyclovir A non-contact photomicrographic in vivo study in the human cornea.PURPOSE: To examine morphological changes occurring in recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) epithelial keratitis after the application of topical acyclovir ointment 3%. MATERIAL AND methods: 7 patients examined with the slit lamp and photographed by non-contact in vivo photomicrography. RESULTS: Within one day of treatment the lesions lost their typical herpetic features, and after about 2-3 days the morphology seemed to reflect only the sequelae: unhealthy epithelium and abnormal cells located at the level of the basement membrane. Two patients showed epitheliopathy compatible with the side-effects of the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The rapid loss of typical HSV features after drug application reflects a successful arrest of the virus replication, freeing the epithelial healing forces. At what point of time infectious virus is eradicated and the treatment can be safely stopped cannot be determined clinically. Healing in the sense of restitution ad integrum is a slow process showing individual variations. Abnormal intra-/subepithelial cells are last to disappear.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.375keywords = virus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/43. herpes simplex virus bullous keratitis misdiagnosed as a case of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy with secondary glaucoma: an unusual presentation.PURPOSE: To report an unusual case of herpetic bullous keratitis misdiagnosed as a case of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy with secondary glaucoma. RESULTS: A retrospective analysis of the case record of a 60-year-old man who had earlier undergone bilateral cataract surgery, was done. He presented with a complaint of decrease in vision in the right eye of 20 days duration. On examination, cornea showed epithelial bullae all over the surface with stromal and epithelial edema. intraocular pressure was 30 mm of Hg in RE. He was treated with anti-glaucoma medications. Two dendritic lesions were seen in the cornea during a subsequent visit four days later. Virological investigations confirmed a diagnosis of herpes simplex keratitis. He was treated with topical acyclovir. CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the fact that herpes simplex keratitis can present initially as a more diffuse corneal stromal and epithelial edema with epithelial bullae mimicking bullous keratopathy. Herpetic bullous keratitis, although unusual, should be considered in the differential diagnosis under such circumstances.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = virus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/43. Stromal keratitis and anterior uveitis due to herpes simplex virus-2 in a young child.BACKGROUND: An uncommon case of stromal keratitis and anterior uveitis due to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is reported. CASE: The patient was a 3-year-old boy admitted for conjunctival injection of the right eye of unknown cause, accompanied by corneal opacity and anterior uveitis. OBSERVATIONS: High titers of antibodies against HSV and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were found in blood samples. polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of HSV-1, -2, and EBV genome fragments was carried out using an anterior chamber sample as a template. An HSV-2 genome fragment was amplified by PCR. Administration of acyclovir and betamethasone was started, with the consequent elimination of corneal opacity, inflammatory cells, and keratic precipitates. CONCLUSION: PCR clearly showed that HSV-2 was the causative pathogen of the stromal keratitis and anterior uveitis in this young patient. Systemic EVB infection may induce systemic immunocompromised conditions that can lead to reactivation of HSV-2 followed by ocular disorders.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.75keywords = virus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/43. Reactivation of herpes simplex virus keratitis after initiating bimatoprost treatment for glaucoma.PURPOSE: To report a case of herpes simplex virus reactivation after starting bimatoprost treatment for glaucoma. DESIGN: Interventional case report. methods: A 66-year-old woman had a herpes simplex keratouveitis reactivation that occurred within 1 month after starting bimatoprost. The herpes simplex had been inactive for more than 10 years. RESULTS: Bimatoprost and prednisolone acetate 0.12% were discontinued; oral acyclovir, ofloxacin, and betaxolol 0.25% were initiated. Two weeks later, prednisolone acetate 1% was added. The reactivation resolved, and 1 month later, the best corrected visual acuity improved to 20/40. CONCLUSION: Caution should be used in prescribing bimatoprost for patients with a history of herpes simplex virus keratitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.75keywords = virus (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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