1/16. cholesteatoma extending into the internal auditory meatus.We report our experiences in managing a patient with cholesteatoma complicated by meningitis, labyrinthitis and facial nerve palsy. The antero-inferior half of the tympanum was aerated but the postero-superior portion of the tympanic membrane was tightly adherent to the promontry mucosa. An attic perforation was present at the back of the malleolar head. High-resolution computed tomography also uncovered a fistula in the lateral semicircular canal. Surgical exploration of the middle ear cavity demonstrated that both the vestibule and cochlea were filled with cholesteatoma, and the cholesteatoma extended into the internal auditory meatus through the lateral semi-circular canal fistula. The cholesteatoma was removed by opening the vestibule and cochlea with a preservation of the facial nerve. Post-operatively, an incomplete facial palsy remained, but has improved slowly. There is no sign of recurrence to date after a 3-year period of observation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = cholesteatoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/16. Labyrinthine fistula: an unreported complication of the Grote prosthesis.OBJECTIVES: To alert the otological surgeon that labyrinthine fistula is a rare and avoidable complication of the Grote hydroxyapatite ceramic external auditory canal (EAC) prosthesis. The reasons for its causation and strategies to prevent its formation are discussed. STUDY DESIGN: Case study and retrospective review of the literature. methods: Labyrinthine fistula that occurred after the use of the Grote hydroxyapatite ceramic EAC prosthesis is presented. The literature is reviewed retrospectively for various methods of reconstruction of the EAC following canal wall down mastoidectomy. Strategies and principles are outlined to avoid complications associated with reconstruction of the mastoid and EAC. RESULTS: The Grote hydroxyapatite (HA) prosthesis is a reliable prosthesis for reconstruction of the external auditory canal (EAC) in the absence of a draining mastoid cavity or cholesteatoma and with adequate soft tissue cover. Contact of the medial end of the prosthesis with the lateral semicircular canal must be avoided. immobilization or rigid fixation and avoidance of infection are essential for optimal prosthesis stability and osseointegration. Covering the prosthesis with vascularized soft tissue appears to be important for the achievement of a successful reconstruction. CONCLUSION: The Grote prosthesis is safe and effective provided it does not contact the lateral semicircular canal, is stabilized, and covered by vesicular tissue, in the absence of infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = cholesteatoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/16. Labyrinthine anomalies with normal cochlear function.Three cases of labyrinthine anomaly confirmed by polytomography and CT scan are reported. They showed similar dysplasia of the bony labyrinth: dilation and fusion of the lateral semicircular canal (SCC) and of the vestibule with a normally shaped cochlea and other SCCs. One side was involved in 2 cases and both sides in 1 case. The 1st case showed normal hearing levels with markedly reduced response to caloric stimulation in the affected ear. The 2nd case showed conductive hearing loss due to cholesteatoma with normal bone conduction hearing levels and normal caloric response. The 3rd case showed bilateral conductive hearing loss of unknown cause. The classification of labyrinthine anomalies and labyrinthine functions is discussed. Labyrinthine anomaly detected by CT scan and polytomography can be present in patients with normal cochlear and/or vestibular function.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = cholesteatoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/16. Delayed labyrinthine fistula in canal wall down mastoidectomy.PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: This article is a retrospective review of 5 cases of delayed labyrinthine fistula in patients with a longstanding canal wall down mastoidectomy. MATERIAL: All patients had a long-term postoperative follow up with no evidence of complications till they suddenly started to have vertigo. The symptoms were caused by a bony erosion of the lateral semicircular canal detected on physical examination or by a CT-scan. There was no evidence of a recurrent cholesteatoma. RESULTS: The patients underwent surgery in order to close the fistula, with a good result. In all cases, a factor such as an infection or trauma, seems to have triggered off the bone erosion. CONCLUSION: Late complications may occur in the canal wall down mastoidectomy technique, after a long period of follow up in the absence of recurrent cholesteatoma. For this reason, it is advisable to look for a labyrinthine fistula in patient who develop vertigo a long time following mastoid surgery with a resultant radical cavity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = cholesteatoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/16. The hypotympanum and infralabyrinthine cells in chronic otitis media.Despite the localization implied by the term "chronic otitis media," little attention has been paid to the role of the hypotympanum in chronic active otitis media. Most authors have emphasized the role of recurrent cholesteatoma or unexenterated cells in the mastoid cell system as causes of recurrent disease. Seven cases are reported in which clinical evidence indicated that recurrent chronic otitis media was limited to the hypotympanum and infralabyrinthine cell system. In the five cases in which revision surgery was done, exenteration of this area resulted in an asymptomatic ear. The anatomy, radiographic evaluation, and surgical approach to the hypotympanum are reviewed. Careful inspection of the hypotympanum in primary surgery for chronic ear disease and exenteration of the hypotympanic and proximal infralabyrinthine cell tract are advocated when these regions contain cholesteatoma or extensive granulomatous disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = cholesteatoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/16. Inner ear cholesteatoma and the preservation of cochlear function.Labyrinthine destruction by direct cholesteatoma invasion has always been considered a serious threat to the inner ear function. A number of reports in the literature have cited both patients who had preservation of hearing despite widespread erosion of the labyrinth by cholesteatoma and patients who had retained auditory function despite surgical removal of the matrix from the labyrinth. In most cases the vestibular portion of the inner ear was invaded but cases of cochlear involvement have been described as well. Twelve cases with pre-operative auditory function preservation despite extensive labyrinthine destruction treated at our Institution are reported. Seven cases retained cochlear function post-operatively. Possible explanations of this occurrence and implications of related with hearing preservation in the presence of widespread inner ear destruction by chronic inflammatory disease are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5keywords = cholesteatoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/16. Preservation of hearing in cholesteatomas with inner ear invasion.Two cases of inner ear destruction by cholesteatoma are presented. There was total demineralization of the cochlea in one and significant vestibular destruction in the other. Eradication and exteriorization of the disease was accomplished with preservation of hearing in both cases. Safe management was enhanced by aggressive infection control and accurate surgical planning aided by current imaging techniques. The factors which protect auditory function in these lesions remain unclear. However, the site and extent of the disease as well as local tissue reaction leading to separation of the inflammatory process from the sensory epithelium appear to play a significant role in preservation of hearing despite the presence of invasive, destructive disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.25keywords = cholesteatoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/16. Labyrinthine fistulae caused by cholesteatoma. Improved bone conduction by treatment.In five cases of labyrinthine fistulae caused by extensive cholesteatoma, more than 30-dB improvement in bone conduction was observed in four postoperative cases and in one case after preoperative administration of antibiotics. In each case, a fistula of more than 2 mm in length was present at the lateral semicircular canal, and membranous labyrinthine wall was exposed when the cholesteatoma membrane was removed. These five cases were considered to be in the stage of serous labyrinthitis. The experience with these cases shows that emergent antibiotic treatment and surgery are appropriate for cases with reduced bone conduction in which labyrinthine fistula caused by cholesteatoma is suspected. In addition, as the reduction of bone conduction does not necessarily preclude the possibility of good postoperative hearing, tympanoplasty may be appropriate even for cases with markedly reduced bone conduction due to labyrinthine fistulae.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.75keywords = cholesteatoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/16. Complicated cholesteatomas: CT findings in inner ear complications of middle ear cholesteatomas.patients with facial palsy and middle ear disease, which may be chronic but clinically occult, may have a cholesteatoma with extension medially along the facial canal. In two patients, axial computed tomographic (CT) scans demonstrated involvement of the medial petrous bone. patients with vertigo and chronic middle ear disease may have a cholesteatoma with a "fistula" between the middle and inner ears. Although the fistula usually involves the lateral semicircular canal, the cholesteatoma may pass through the oval window. In two patients, coronal CT scans showed extension to the oval window in one and through it in the other.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.75keywords = cholesteatoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/16. Treatable sensorineural hearing loss.Sensorineural hearing loss is generally felt to be an untreatable medical condition. However, in some cases, prompt diagnosis and treatment of the underlying condition may reverse the deafness. This article summarizes various treatable forms of sensorineural hearing loss and provides illustrative cases histories of patients who have had sensorineural hearing losses that were improved by medical or surgical intervention. patients with reversible sensorineural deafness due to inadvertent aminoglycoside over-dosage, congenital cholesteatoma, Meniere's syndrome, blood coagulopathy, and perilymphatic fistula all had improvements in auditory function after medical or surgical intervention. Recent experimental studies on animals may explain the basic mechanisms behind hearing loss and recovery. Aminoglycoside ototoxicity appears to have an initial reversible step, followed by a permanent process. Early endolymphatic hydrops and fistulas may cause mechanical effects in the cochlea which can be corrected. Coagulopathy may cause hypoxia which reverses after anticoagulation. These observations reveal that animal experiments can be useful in explaining human auditory dysfunction of the reversible type.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = cholesteatoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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