1/58. Delayed radionecrosis of the larynx.radiation has been used to treat carcinoma of the larynx for more than 70 years. Radionecrosis is a well-known complication of this modality when treating head and neck neoplasms. It has been described in the temporal bone, midface, mandible, and larynx. Laryngeal radionecrosis is manifested clinically by dysphagia, odynophagia, respiratory obstruction, hoarseness, and recurrent aspiration. The vast majority of patients who develop laryngeal radionecrosis present with these symptoms within 1 year of treatment; however, delayed presentations have been reported up to 25 years after radiotherapy. We present, in a retrospective case analysis, an unusual case of laryngeal radionecrosis in a patient who presented more than 50 years after treatment with radiotherapy for carcinoma of the larynx. The cases of delayed laryngeal necrosis in the literature are presented. This represents the longest interval between treatment and presentation in the literature. The details of the presentation, clinical course, and diagnostic imaging are discussed. The pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment options for this rare complication are reviewed. Early stage (Chandler I and II) laryngeal radionecrosis may be treated conservatively and often observed. Late stage (Chandler III and IV) cases are medical emergencies, occasionally resulting in significant morbidity or mortality. Aggressive diagnostic and treatment measures must be implemented in these cases to improve outcome. This case represents the longest interval between initial treatment and presentation of osteoradionecrosis in the literature. A structured diagnostic and therapeutic approach is essential in managing this difficult problem.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = carcinoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/58. Scleroma of the larynx and associated squamous cell carcinoma: a causal relationship?The known risk factors for development of laryngeal carcinoma are smoking, alcohol drinking, air pollution, laryngeal keratosis, single adult papillomas, and previous irradiation. Laryngeal scleroma as a risk factor for the development of laryngeal carcinoma has not been mentioned in the English-language literature, to my knowledge. This is a report of 2 cases of proven long-term rhinolaryngoscleroma that have changed to laryngeal carcinoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.5keywords = carcinoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/58. The association of laryngoceles with ventricular phonation.Laryngoceles represent dilatations of the laryngeal saccule that may extend internally into the airway, or externally through the thyrohyoid membrane. Unilateral laryngoceles are uncommon clinical entities and bilateral laryngoceles are rare. Certain activities like glass blowing and playing a wind instrument are associated with laryngocele development, as is laryngeal carcinoma in the ventricular area. This case describes development of bilateral laryngoceles in a patient who chronically uses ventricular phonation during speech. The pathogenesis involves repetitive elevation of intralaryngeal pressure during false vocal cord approximation, exposing the ventricles to abnormally high air pressures. The pathogenesis in this case, as well as in laryngoceles associated with occupational or anatomic risk factors, is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = carcinoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/58. histoplasmosis of the larynx.histoplasmosis commonly infects the lower respiratory tract, causing either a sub-clinical or a nonspecific pulmonary illness. It may also affect the larynx from wide-spread dissemination or in a localized form that mimics carcinoma. hoarseness, dysphagia, and pain on swallowing are symptoms common to many diseases of the laryngopharynx, including histoplasmosis. It is therefore important to consider this fungus in the differential diagnosis. Since culture techniques alone may not establish the diagnosis, special stains of tissue preparations and serologic tests for histoplasmosis are important adjuncts. We have recently seen and treated two cases of laryngeal histoplasmosis. amphotericin b remains the preferred drug.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = carcinoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/58. Laryngopyocele: three new clinical cases and review of the literature.Laryngopyocele is a fairly rare disease. It is a complication of laryngocele. Its clinical picture is often alarming; thus it needs fast differential diagnosis. Computed tomography allows early diagnosis. Surgical treatment permits a complete recovery. An association between laryngocele and carcinoma of the larynx has been reported by some authors. Three new cases of laryngopyocele are presented and discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = carcinoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/58. actinomycosis of the post-cricoid space: an unusual cause of dysphagia.Cervicofacial actinomycosis is known to affect many soft tissues and bony structures in the head and neck. However to the authors' knowledge, actinomycosis of the post-cricoid region has not been previously reported. A case of a 74-year-old male who developed actinomycosis of the post-cricoid region after radiotherapy for a laryngeal carcinoma is presented. actinomycosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of dysphagia following radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx, as early treatment is likely to result in a favourable outcome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = carcinoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/58. laryngocele and squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx.We present a case report of a lady with a laryngocele and a squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. The pathogenesis of the relationship between these two entities is discussed and the literature reviewed. This association means a carcinoma must be outruled if a laryngocele is detected clinically or radiologically.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = carcinoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/58. Laryngeal duplication cyst.Benign congenital laryngeal cysts are rare. Infants and children with these lesions can present with chronic or intermittent airway obstructive symptoms, hoarseness, aspiration, chronic cough, or failure to thrive. The most common congenital laryngeal cysts include saccular cysts, laryngoceles, and ductal cysts. Other more unusual laryngeal lesions, such as hamartomas, choristomas, and teratomas, can also present with these symptoms. We describe a unique congenital cyst that arose in continuity with the larynx in a child with hoarseness and intermittent stridor. The features of this lesion are similar to those of bronchogenic duplication cysts of the trachea, but with histopathological features of the larynx.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.15753002327114keywords = ductal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/58. Bilateral vocal process papillomas: report of a case.We describe a case of bilateral vocal process lesions in a 65-year-old man. His history was strongly suggestive of vocal process granulomas: previous gastroesophageal reflux, intubation, smoking, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Medical management with a proton-pump inhibitor, reflux precautions, voice therapy, and adequate hydration yielded no results. Subsequent surgical intervention revealed that he had squamous papillomas. We also provide a brief review of vocal process granulomas and squamous papillomas.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = carcinoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/58. Cryptococcal infection of the larynx simulating laryngeal carcinoma.cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that can cause primary pulmonary infections or disseminate and cause infections of the central nervous system, meninges, skin, and bone in the immunocompromised host. We present here an unusual case of an immunocompetent patient who had laryngitis due to C. neoformans that mimicked a laryngeal carcinoma on clinical examination and imaging studies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.5keywords = carcinoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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