1/11. leishmania donovani invasion of the blood in a child with dermal leishmaniasis.Cutaneous leishmaniasis is highly endemic in eastern Mediterranean countries. The causative organisms are leishmania tropica or leishmania major but, further west, variants of leishmania infantum frequently cause cutaneous leishmaniasis. We report a young girl from Beirut with an acute cutaneous leishmaniasis in whom the causative organism was cultured from both the skin lesion and the blood in the absence of any signs or symptoms typical of systemic involvement. The parasite was found to have a zymodeme typical of organisms belonging to the L. donovani complex. With the negative past history and in the absence of anti-Leishmania antibodies in her serum, post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis is an unlikely possibility, especially in view of the rarity of the complication in this part of the world. The infection was probably acquired during a recent visit to Aleppo, where cutaneous leishmaniasis is hyperendemic as similar cases have not been reported in Beirut. This case indicates the need to consider L. infantum strains in addition to L. tropica in cutaneous disease in Aleppo. This case also demonstrates that L. infantum can spread by the haematogenous route, even in a child without evidence of the immunosuppression, which usually predisposes to such spread.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = infantum (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/11. Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with 20% paromomycin ointment.Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by flagellate protozoa of the genus Leishmania. In Mediterranean countries, the most common causative agents are Leishmania (L.) major, L. infantum and L. tropica. In croatia, cutaneous leishmaniasis is a rare disease, the last case being reported in 1988. Our patient was a 5-year-old boy with a left cheek skin lesion in the form of papule with central exulceration, hyperkeratotic crust and erythema of a 6-month duration. The diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis was based on history data (stay in the southernmost region of croatia and multiple mosquito bites), light microscopic histology (dense infiltrates of large histiocytes with extracellular bodies), and positive montenegro (leishmanin) test. A new therapy with aminosidine (paromomycin), an aminoglycoside antibiotic, in the form of ointment at a concentration of 20%, was for the first time used in croatia. Four-week therapy resulted in complete regression of the skin lesions with residual hyperpigmentation. During therapy, no local or systemic side effects were observed. Thus, topical therapy with paromomycin could be considered an efficient therapeutic alternative in the management of cutaneous leishmaniasis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = infantum (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/11. Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis during highly active antiretroviral therapy in an AIDS patient infected with leishmania infantum.We report a case of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) in a woman with AIDS which occurred 13 months after a diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis concomitantly with immunological recovery induced by highly active retroviral therapy. Cytokine pattern at the time of visceral leishmaniasis and PKDL diagnosis was studied and pathogenic implications were discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.3333333333333keywords = infantum (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/11. Atypical multifocal cutaneous leishmaniasis in an immunocompetent patient treated by liposomal amphotericin b.Multifocal cutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) is an extremely rare disease in South europe, and it mainly affects immunosuppressed patients. We report a case of MCL in an immunocompetent patient affected by type II diabetes mellitus that clinically presented with three large ulcers on the legs with a non-linear distribution and several months later with an erythematous-crusty lesion on the left cheek. diagnosis of leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum was formulated by PCR analysis. Given the diffuse and wide lesions, the unresponsiveness to previous local and systemic treatments, a parenteral i.v. therapy with liposomal amphotericin b at a dosage of 3mg/kg/day for 5 days was started and then repeated on the 14th and 21st days, leading to a clear improvement in the clinical picture. The different clinical expression and the evolution of leishmaniasis depend on both the parasite subtype and the host's immunity status. L. infantum manifests with an atypical clinical feature more frequently than other species. The differential diagnosis for multiple ulcers must include several skin diseases, such as cutaneous TBC, bacterial ulcers, traumatic ulcers, deep mycoses, and sarcoidosis. However, an MCL should always be considered in subjects coming from endemic areas. In our case, the multifocality, the size of the lesions and the unresponsiveness to other treatment indicate a short course treatment with liposomal B amphotericin that proved to be a suitable alternative to traditional drugs used in MCL.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.66666666666667keywords = infantum (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/11. Isolation of leishmania tropica from an Ethiopian cutaneous leishmaniasis patient.Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the Old World is caused mainly by three species of Leishmania: L. major, L. tropica and L. aethiopica, and sporadically by L. infantum and L. donovani. In ethiopia, zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, caused by L. aethiopica, is a major public health problem affecting thousands of people in the highlands. By contrast, little is known about the existence and epidemiology of CL due to L. tropica. In this report, we provide the first well-documented case of CL in ethiopia caused by L. tropica. The patient acquired the infection in Awash valley of the Ethiopian Rift Valley (northeastern ethiopia), where phlebotomus sergenti and P. saevus have previously been found infected by L. tropica. Using the isoenzyme electrophoresis technique, the isolate was found to belong to a variant of L. tropica zymodeme MON-71, one of the new zymodemes found in ethiopia from P. sergenti in the same region so far. The epidemiological implications of the finding are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = infantum (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/11. Old World eyelid cutaneous leishmaniasis: a case report.Leishmania is a protozoa that may infect the skin, mucous, and viscera. The geographical distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is mainly determined by the sandfly vectors. The Old World type is mainly attributed to leishmania major and leishmania tropica, and in South of europe only to leishmania infantum. A 63-year-old woman, who noted a pimple on the external third of the left upper eyelid 6 months before. The lesion was nodular, well-defined and measured 1.1 cm in diameter and in height, simulating a basal cell carcinoma. It was surgically excised. CL diagnosis was made upon the histologic examination, which showed histiocytes with intracellular leishmania organisms. At 2 years followup, no evidence exists of cutaneous, mucous, or visceral involvement. Apart from carcinomas, nodular lesions with central ulceration are rare on the eyelid. A single cutaneous lesion of leishmania (oriental sore) has to be considered in the differential diagnosis, along with malignant eyelid neoplasms.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = infantum (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/11. Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patient.We report the first case of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis due to leishmania infantum in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patient in australia. Molecular characterization of the isolate was performed using PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism targeting both repetitive sequences from Leishmania nuclear dna and repetitive kinetoplast dna minicircles for species differentiation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6666666666667keywords = infantum (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/11. Atypical disseminated leishmaniasis resembling post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in an hiv-infected patient.Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is very uncommon among hiv-positive patients, and very few cases have so far been documented. A case of atypical disseminated leishmaniasis resembling PKDL in an hiv-positive patient successfully treated with N-methylglucamine antimoniate is reported. The polymerase chain reaction performed on the skin lesions was positive for leishmania infantum.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = infantum (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/11. Human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania donovani s.l. in kenya.Our laboratory is characterizing Leishmania stabilates and isolates from active leishmaniasis cases. Smears and cultures from aspirates made on different dates from a single lesion on the bridge of the nose of an 18 years old Kenyan male from Nyandarua District contained Leishmania. The isolates, NLB-271 and NLB-271-IA, were characterized by cellulose acetate electrophoresis (CAE) using 20 enzyme systems and by Southern analysis using 2 deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) probes (pDK10 and pDK20) from a Dakar strain of L. major (MHOM/SN/00/DK1) and a third probe, p7-059 from L. infantum strain ITMAP-263. digestion of the two Leishmania DNAs with endonucleases HindIII and PstI, followed by hybridization with the 3 probes, revealed dna fragment banding patterns indistinguishable from those of the L. donovani species complex. The CAE isoenzyme profiles of these 2 Kenyan isolates were indistinguishable from those of Kenyan L. donovani strains we designated as zymodeme Z6. Excluding post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis, this constitutes the first human case of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. donovani s.l. in kenya. Previously, cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in kenya have been due to L. aethiopica, L. major and L. tropica only.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = infantum (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/11. leishmania tropica in egypt: an undesirable import.Cutaneous as well as visceral leishmaniasis has been previously reported in egypt. The former clinical manifestation is attributed to leishmania major, the latter to L. infantum. In this study, L. tropica was isolated from an Egyptian labourer returning from saudi arabia. Amastigotes were detected by both Giemsa staining and indirect immunofluorescence using rabbit anti-gp63. Promastigotes from Schneider's medium were typed isoenzymatically as L. tropica. In view of the emerging threat of visceralization of L. tropica, the potential risk for its transmission in egypt is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = infantum (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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