1/18. Carcinocythemia (carcinoma cell leukemia). An acute leukemia-like picture due to metastatic carcinoma cells.observation of a unique population of cells on a Wright-stained blood smear of a patient with metastatic breast carcinoma prompted a study to determine their origin. The primary carcinoma contained a marker, the presence of "signet cells." These were demonstrated in direct peripheral smears and buffy coat preparation of peripheral blood and confirmed histochemically by showing positive periodic acid-Schiff, alpha-napthol and beta-glucuronidase reactions. "Carcinocythemia" is suggested as a name for this unusual process observed over a six month period. Studies of the patient's immunocompetence, of circulating cell surface immunoglobulins and karyotype analysis were made. Postmortem examination revealed retroperitoneal fibrosis, splenic atrophy and extensive metastatic carcinoma but no evidence of leukemia. The cells will be contrasted to those seen in a second patient who appeared to have acute myelocytic leukemia complicating extensive cancer involving the bone marrow. The observations suggest that a leukemia-like blood picture due to circulating cancer cells may occur during the course of metastatic breast carcinoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = carcinoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/18. Undifferentiated ovarian carcinoma associated with leukemoid reaction.Exceptionally excess leukocytosis or leukemoid reaction may develop in association with carcinomas of the lung and stomach. The authors describe a 72-year-old lady with FIGO stage III ovarian undifferentiated carcinoma who presented with fever and abdominal pain. Her serial WBC counts were up to 143,000/microl with elevated leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score. She received extended total hysterectomy, left salpingo-oophorectomy, and de-bulking of the retroperitoneal mass. Her left ovarian cancer was composed of diffuse sheets of large undifferentiated cells that were immunoreactive for cytokeratin, confirming the epithelial nature. She passed away one week after operation and five weeks after presentation without autopsy. This is the first report of ovarian cancer associated with leukemoid reaction in the English literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = carcinoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/18. leukemoid reaction response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy in a patient with cervical carcinoma.A white blood cell count more than 50 x 10(9)/l associated with a cause outside the bone marrow is termed a leukemoid reaction. Although it simulates leukemia, most of its causes are benign. Malignancy as a cause of a leukemoid reaction is still a medical dilemma. It is thought to be attributed to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) secreted by the tumor cells. To our knowledge this is the first time a leukemoid reaction has been reported in association with cervical cancer. We even managed to monitor the leukemoid reaction response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = carcinoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/18. leukemoid reaction: a diagnostic clue in metastatic carcinoma mimicking classic Hodgkin lymphoma.We report on 2 patients who were initially suspected to have classic Hodgkin lymphoma because of lymphadenopathy and the presence of Reed-Sternberg-like cells. Both patients had an associated leukemoid reaction (using a threshold leukocyte count of 50 000/microL) and were eventually diagnosed with metastatic carcinoma. Disseminated carcinoma can mimic Hodgkin lymphoma clinically, radiologically, and histologically. Reed-Sternberg-like cells may be found in carcinomas, and they represent a particularly challenging diagnostic pitfall for the unwary. When these cells lead to a suspicion of Hodgkin lymphoma, the presence of a leukemoid reaction should prompt the pathologist to question the diagnosis. Misdiagnosis can be avoided by the use of cytokeratin whenever a leukemoid reaction is present in a suspected case of Hodgkin lymphoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.58333333333333keywords = carcinoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/18. Alcoholic hepatitis with leukemoid reaction after surgery.Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a clinicopathologic syndrome resulting from an excessive intake of alcohol. Leukemoid reactions (LRs) are characterized by a strikingly elevated granulocyte count over 40,000-50,000 cells/mm(3). Although a leukocytosis of 15,000-18,000 cells/mm(3) is frequently seen in AH, LRs are rare in this context. AH-associated LRs are a sign of poor prognosis and have a high mortality. A 64-year-old male with a history of heavy alcohol intake underwent a right hemicolectomy for cecal carcinoma. Preoperative laboratory data were normal with the exception of an albumin of 2.1 g/dL. liver biopsies that were taken because of a nodular appearance revealed micronodular cirrhosis, steatohepatitis, and mallory bodies. Postoperatively, the patient developed a leukocytosis that progressively increased to 72.6 cells/mm(3). He also developed signs of impaired hepatic and renal function. Extensive workup failed to reveal a source of infection. A trial of intravenous antibiotics had no impact on the leukocytosis. methylprednisolone at a dose of 40 mg IV daily was started on postoperative day 9. The patient experienced a progressive decline in white blood count (WBC), which reached 25.2/mm(3) on postoperative day 14. However, he died on postoperative day 16. We conclude that the patient had AH-associated LR in the postoperative period, but died despite successful treatment of the LR with steroids.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.083333333333333keywords = carcinoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/18. Low dose epirubicin for hypercalcemia associated with renal pelvis carcinoma.We present a case of hypercalcemia associated with a renal pelvis squamous neoplasm. Severe hyperleukocytosis was also present, resembling a leukaemoid reaction. After failure of standard therapy, we performed a trial of low dose epirubicin in this patient, obtaining a short-term clinical remission. Although a palliative non-toxic effect seems to be achievable with this approach, further studies are needed to ascertain the role of chemotherapy in the long-term control of this condition.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = carcinoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/18. Renal cell carcinoma: presenting with congestive hepatosplenomegaly and rare haematological complications.We report here a case of right-sided renal cell carcinoma who presented with hypertension and multi-organ metastases. Haematological manifestations noted were erythrocytosis, thrombocytosis and leukaemoid reaction. Of these leukemoid reaction and thrombocytosis are very rare. The patient had hepatosplenomegaly which was found to be congestive in origin due to the pressure of the tumour on the hepatic vein and the inferior vena cava. These rare features make it an unusual case.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.41666666666667keywords = carcinoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/18. Simultaneous metastatic epidermoid carcinoma and chronic granulocytic leukemia.The second reported patient with simultaneous metastatic epidermoid carcinoma and chronic myelogenous leukemia is described. The difficulty of differentiating the leukemia from a leukemoid reaction is discussed. The incidence of, and importance of looking for, second primary cancers in patients known to have cancer is emphasized.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.41666666666667keywords = carcinoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/18. leukemoid reaction in a patient with bladder and prostatic cancer.Leukemoid reactions often are seen in patients with underlying malignancies but they have been reported infrequently in patients with urological malignancies. We report reactive leukocytosis and thrombocytosis in a patient with bladder and prostatic carcinoma. Both hematological abnormalities resolved with definitive surgical therapy. We also review other reported cases of leukemoid reactions in patients with urological malignancies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.083333333333333keywords = carcinoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/18. leukemoid reaction associated with parenteral nutrition.A hematological picture simulating that seen in cases of leukemia often occurs in a variety of conditions. We recently treated a patient who had a leukemoid reaction in the peripheral blood while he was on parenteral nutrition. Throughout the period of treatment with parenteral nutrition, an abnormal shift towards immaturity in the neutrophilic granulocytes was seen, and the degree of this shift appeared to depend on the caloric intake. Moreover, the hematological picture resembling that seen in cases of leukemia disappeared shortly after discontinuation of the parenteral nutrition, and immature cells were no longer apparent. We assumed that the excess glucose-related calories included in parenteral nutrition produced the leukemoid reaction in this patient who was being surgically treated for carcinoma of the colon with hepatic metastasis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.083333333333333keywords = carcinoma (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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