1/5. Interventricular methotrexate therapy for carcinomatous meningitis due to breast cancer: a case with leukoencephalopathy.A 46-year-old woman presented with paraplegia and severe lumbago. She had had a radical mastectomy for left breast cancer 10 years earlier, and 6 months prior to presentation she completed CMF chemotherapy for treatment of retroperitoneal metastasis. CT and MRI to identify potential causes of the paraplegia and lumbago showed leptomeningeal carcinomatosis due to dissemination from invasive recurrence of the retroperitoneal tumor. An Ommaya reservoir was inserted, and infusion of intrathecal methotrexate (MTX; 5 mg twice weekly) began. Her clinical symptoms improved after receiving 53 mg MTX. However, after receiving 83 mg MTX, the patient became dizzy from leukoencephalopathy. Although administration of prednisolone mostly resolved her symptom, the patient died 9 months after the diagnosis of carcinomatous meningitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = leukoencephalopathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/5. Posterior leukoencephalopathy in a girl with acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalitis.In children, posterior leukoencephalopathy is frequently associated with hypertensive encephalopathy, anticancer chemotherapy, treatment with immunosuppressive drugs in patients with organ transplantation, transfusion or human immunodeficiency virus infection. Posterior leukoencephalopathy in these children appears as a complicating illness and resolves once precipitating factor (e.g. cancer chemotherapy) is removed. Here we are reporting a fatal case of acute haemorrhatic leukoencephalitis in a 13 year old girl, imaging abnormalities are also suggestive of posterior leukoencephalopathy. Posterior leukoencephalopathy in our patient possibly, is a part of post-infectious haemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, rather than because of ischaemia or cerebral oedema secondary either to abrupt increase in blood pressure or following administration of immunosuppressive drugs.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.3762708332409keywords = posterior leukoencephalopathy, leukoencephalopathy, posterior (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/5. cyclosporine-associated leukoencephalopathy in organ transplant recipients: experience of three clinical cases.Leukoencephalopathy is a structural alteration of cerebral white matter mainly involving damage to myelin. Several reports have linked cyclosporine (CsA) with this alteration. The clinical features vary from qualitative alterations of consciousness to neurological deficits. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain demonstrates the damage to the white matter, which is essential for the differential diagnosis. We describe three clinical cases of leukoencephalopathy. The first case is a 43-year-old man received a cadaveric kidney transplant using immunosuppression with of mycophenolate mofetil, prednisone, and CsA. Four months later he developed meningism and bilateral sixth nerve palsy. The second case is a 50-year-old man with a cadaveric kidney transplant received immunosuppressive treatment with azathioprine and prednisone. As a result of gouty arthritis of the ankle, azathioprine was replaced with CsA to allow addition of allopurinol. Two weeks later he developed confusion and personality changes. The third case is a 16-year-old man received a orthotopic liver transplant. Postoperatively he suffered generalized tonic-clonic seizures. In all patients the CsA levels were toxic and signs of neurological alterations were present on MRI. All patients recovered rapidly after CsA withdrawal.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = leukoencephalopathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/5. Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy: clinical and CT diagnosis and histopathological confirmation in an elderly patient.With the aid of CT acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy (AHL) was diagnosed before death in a 65 year old woman. On the histopathological evidence, which is very similar to that for experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), AHL is considered to be a highly acute variant of parainfective encephalomyelitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = leukoencephalopathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/5. Multifocal varicella-zoster virus leukoencephalitis in a patient with AIDS: MR findings.We describe a patient with AIDS who presented with an acute encephalitis caused by infection with varicella-zoster virus. The hemorrhagic, necrotizing encephalitis had an unusual MR appearance, with innumerable discrete, small, targetlike lesions in the right cerebral hemisphere, which were coalescent in the posterior temporal, parietal, and occipital regions. Of the several known disease patterns of varicella-zoster viral infection in the CNS, this histopathologic pattern of multifocal leukoencephalitis is rare. It is important to recognize, as effective antiviral drug treatments are available.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4.9643163250785E-5keywords = posterior (Clic here for more details about this article) |