1/15. Disseminated Mycobacterium abscessus infection manifesting as fever of unknown origin and intra-abdominal lymphadenitis: case report and literature review.Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing mycobacterium found in soil and water throughout the world. disease in immunocompetent patients usually consists of localized skin and soft tissue infections. In contrast, disseminated disease is uncommon, usually presents with rash, and almost always occurs in an immunocompromised host. We describe an unusual case of disseminated M. abscessus infection manifesting as fever of unknown origin and intra-abdominal lymphadenitis, but without rash. Our patient responded well to amikacin and clarithromycin therapy. We also review the literature related to the diagnosis and management of this uncommon disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mycobacterium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/15. Novel mycobacterium related to Mycobacterium triplex as a cause of cervical lymphadenitis.The mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is an important cause of cervical lymphadenitis in children, and its incidence appears to be increasing in the united states and elsewhere. In areas where mycobacterium tuberculosis is not prevalent, M. avium causes the vast majority of cases of mycobacterial lymphadenitis, although several other nontuberculous mycobacterial species have been reported as etiologic agents. This report describes the case of a child with cervical lymphadenitis caused by a nontuberculous mycobacterium that could not be identified using standard methods, including biochemical reactions and genetic probes. Direct 16S ribosomal dna sequencing showed greater than 99% homology with Mycobacterium triplex, but sequence analysis of the 283-bp 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence showed only 95% identity, suggesting that it is a novel species or subspecies within a complex of organisms that includes M. triplex. Mycolic acid high-performance liquid chromatography analysis also identified this isolate as distinct from M. triplex, and differences in susceptibility to streptomycin and rifampin between this strain and M. triplex were also observed. These data support the value of further testing of clinical isolates that test negative with the MAC nucleic acid probes and suggest that standard methods used for the identification of mycobacteria may underestimate the complexity of the genus Mycobacterium. ITS sequence analysis may be useful in this setting because it is easy to perform and is able to distinguish closely related species and subspecies. This level of discrimination may have significant clinical ramifications, as closely related organisms may have different antibiotic susceptibility patterns.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = mycobacterium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/15. Mycobacterium szulgai lymphadenitis mimicking Kikuchi's disease in thailand.Mycobacterium szulgai is rarely found to be a cause of reported infection. Two thirds of cases were reported as pulmonary presentations, while the rest were infections of soft tissues or bone. In thailand, few pulmonary infections due to M. szulgai have been reported. This is the first case of M. szulgai lymphadenitis confirmed by tissue culture. The patient presented with prolonged fever and tender enlarged cervical nodes. Histological findings showed large histiocytes with necrotic background compatible with Kikuchi's disease. However, the culture proved the case to be one of M. szulgai infection. That means this mycobacterium should be included in the differential diagnosis of fever with lymphadenitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mycobacterium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/15. Atypical mycobacterial tuberculosis--a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma? case reports and review of the literature.In immunocompetent preschool children cervical lymphadenitis is a common clinical presentation of atypical mycobacteria. Its rapid diagnosis and treatment is still a challenge, because accurate diagnostic procedures for atypical mycobacteria are still not yet available in routine practice. Two children suffered from craniojugular (16 months old girl) and infraauricular (2.5 years old boy) located neck masses which showed resistance to the medical treatment. In the first case an abscess splitting took place initially, followed by an anti-tubercular drug treatment and necessary surgical reintervention. In the second case surgical removal of all involved lymph nodes, infiltrated surrounding soft tissue and involved skin areas were followed by medical treatment. In both cases presumed infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis was not confirmed, but atypical mycobacteria could be isolated both. In the first case atypical mycobacterium could be specified as mycobacterium avium complex and in the second case as mycobacterium malmoense. Both bacilli showed sensitivity towards medical treatment with clarithromycin, whereby in one case only the surgical reintervention led to a complete removal of clinical symptomatic. In cases of presumed tuberculous neck lymph node infections differential diagnosis of an atypical mycobacterial lymphadenitis should always be supposed, because medical and surgical treatment differ fundamentally.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = mycobacterium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/15. mycobacterium bovis versus mycobacterium tuberculosis as a cause of acute cervical lymphadenitis without pulmonary disease.Bovine tuberculosis remains a common disease of cattle in countries such as mexico. Children eating unpasteurized dairy products from Mexican cattle can develop mycobacterium bovis cervical lymphadenitis. However, the bovine mycobacterium can be misdiagnosed as mycobacterium tuberculosis based on standard laboratory testing. Accurate speciation is important for selection of the preferred antibiotic regimen for treatment of mycobacterium bovis infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mycobacterium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/15. Mycobacterium malmoense lymphadenitis in spain: first two cases in immunocompetent patients.Reported here are two cases of Mycobacterium malmoense lymphadenitis that occurred in two immunocompetent children in spain. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first documented cases of extrapulmonary infection by M. malmoense in spain. This report serves to draw attention to this emerging nontuberculous mycobacterium that is gaining increasing recognition as a pulmonary and extrapulmonary pathogen in different countries.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mycobacterium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/15. Atypical mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis with extensive local spread: a surgical disease.Atypical (nontuberculous) mycobacterium is an uncommon cause of cervical lymphadenitis in immunocompetent children. Rarely, this disease progresses to locoregional destruction of the deep structures of the neck including salivary glands. Recent reports suggest medical monotherapy as an effective treatment of this disease. We report three cases of children who experienced progression to locoregional disease while on appropriate antibiotics. We suggest that the patient population to benefit from medical monotherapy has yet to be adequately defined. In our experience, surgical therapy is the only effective treatment for locoregional disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mycobacterium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/15. Mycobacterium abscessus cervical lymphadenitis: an immunocompetent child.Nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) is one of the well-known causes of cervicofacial lymphadenopathy in children under 5 years of age. Children often present with a painless cervical mass that fails to respond to conventional antibiotics. They are often referred under the suspicion of a neoplasm or bacterial adenitis rather than NTM cervical lymphadenitis. The lack of systemic symptoms, modest or negative purified protein derivative test and absence of exposure to active tuberculosis are characteristics of NTM lymphadenitis. The diagnosis usually requires the isolation of pathogen or pathologic proof. Complete excision is the choice of treatment by the majority of authors in the literature. This not only enables rapid diagnosis but ensures the lowest recurrence rate. Medical management is sometimes successful when complete resection is impossible or refused. To our knowledge, the incidence of NTM cervical lymphadenitis in children is increasing throughout the world. However, such reports of children in taiwan is lacking. Clinicians should suspect a possible nontuberculous mycobacterial infection when a cervical lump is found in a child.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mycobacterium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/15. lymphadenitis due to atypical mycobacteria.mycobacterium scrofulaceum is a Group II atypical mycobacterium commonly associated with lymphadenitis in children. An adult is described with a rapidly enlarging preauricular mass. culture of biopsied material isolated M. scrofulaceum, a rare cause of disease in nonimmunocompromised adults. M. scrofulaceum is usually resistant to multiple chemotherapeutic agents used for the treatment of tuberculosis. Treatment is by surgical excision of the nodes and overlying skin.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mycobacterium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/15. Suppurative cervical adenitis caused by opportunist mycobacterium.Of 45 consecutive submandibular abscesses treated by external drainage in a district oral surgery unit, four cases, representing nearly 9% of the sample, were caused by opportunist Mycobacterium avian-intracellulare, an organism known to give a poor response to all known antimycobacterial chemotherapeutic agents. Treatment by excision of the diseased tissue is indicated in these cases. The diagnosis and management of these conditions is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = mycobacterium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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