1/57. Elongated stylohyoid process: a report of three cases.The stylohyoid process is part of the stylohyoid chain--the styloid process, the stylohyoid ligament, and the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone. The stylohyoid chain is derived from the second branchial arch. Mineralisation of the stylohyoid ligament and ossification at the tip may increase the length of the styloid process. An elongated stylohyoid or styloid process is considered to be the source of craniofacial and cervical pain commonly known as Eagle's syndrome. In some instances the stylohyoid process may be considerably elongated, yet remain asymptomatic. This paper reports three patients with elongated stylohyoid processes discovered incidentally on routine radiographic examination.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = process (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/57. Idiopathic condylar resorption: diagnosis, treatment protocol, and outcomes.Idiopathic condylar resorption is a poorly understood progressive disease that affects the TMJ and that can result in malocclusion, facial disfigurement, TMJ dysfunction, and pain. This article presents the diagnostic criteria for idiopathic condylar resorption and a new treatment protocol for management of this pathologic condition. Idiopathic condylar resorption most often occurs in teenage girls but can occur at any age, although rarely over the age of 40 years. These patients have a common facial morphology including: (1) high occlusal and mandibular plane angles, (2) progressively retruding mandible, and (3) Class II occlusion with or without open bite. Imaging usually demonstrates small resorbing condyles and TMJ articular disk dislocations. A specific treatment protocol has been developed to treat this condition that includes: (1) removal of hyperplastic synovial and bilaminar tissue; (2) disk repositioning and ligament repair; and (3) indicated orthognathic surgery to correct the functional and esthetic facial deformity. patients with this condition respond well to the treatment protocol presented herein with elimination of the disease process. Two cases are presented to demonstrate this treatment protocol and outcomes that can be achieved. Idiopathic condylar resorption is a progressive disease that can be eliminated with the appropriate treatment protocol.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.1keywords = process (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/57. Reconstruction of an alveolar cleft for orthodontic tooth movement.Bone grafting to repair an alveolar cleft has long been an integral part of the treatment of persons with unilateral and bilateral clefts of the lip and alveolus. The presence of the cleft places a limitation on the orthodontist who would like to move teeth in the area of the cleft. Various grafting materials have been placed in alveolar clefts in an attempt to solve this problem. The case to be presented is a patient with a Class II, Division 2, malocclusion with a left unilateral alveolar cleft and a repaired cleft lip. Ten months after initiating orthodontic treatment, a free gingival graft procedure was performed because of insufficient vestibular depth and the narrow width of the keratinized attached gingiva at the left maxillary lateral and central incisor region. Two months after periodontal surgery, a mix of decalcified freeze-dried bone allograft and a granular bioactive glass graft material (1:1) were applied subperiostally on the buccal aspect of the edentulous cleft region. Six months later, the teeth adjacent to the grafted alveolar cleft were orthodontically moved into the edentulous area. The treatment results indicated that orthodontic, periodontal, and surgical interventions resulted in a successful closure of the alveolar cleft as well as improved periodontal conditions of the teeth adjacent to the cleft area. From the orthodontic point of view, tooth movement can be achieved successfully into a bone graft made of freeze-dried bone and bioactive glass.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 62.379831509116keywords = alveolar (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/57. Assessment of patients for orthognathic surgery.Rapid advances in orthognathic surgery now allow the clinician to treat severe dentofacial deformities that were once only manageable by orthodontic camouflage. These cases were often compromised with unacceptable facial esthetics and unstable occlusal results. Over the past 25 years, there have been numerous improvements in technology and the surgical management of dentofacial deformities. These progressions now allow more predictable surgical outcomes, which ensure patient satisfaction. Not all patients are candidates for surgical treatment; therefore, patient assessment and selection remains paramount in the process of diagnosing and treatment planning for this type of irreversible treatment. The inclusion of patients in the decision-making process increases their awareness and acceptance of the final result. The past three decades indicate an increased usage of orthodontic treatment by both children and adults. Patient demographic profiles for severe occlusal and facial characteristics are presented in an effort to understand the epidemiological factors of malocclusion and predict the population's need for this service.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = process (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/57. The Royal london Space Planning: an integration of space analysis and treatment planning: Part II: The effect of other treatment procedures on space.The Royal london Space Planning process is carried out in 2 stages. The first stage, assessing the space required to attain the treatment objectives, was described in Part I of this report, published earlier. In Part II, the process of integrating space analysis with treatment planning continues with consideration of the effects other treatment procedures have on space. These procedures include tooth enlargement or reduction, tooth extraction, the creation of space for prosthetic replacement, and mesial and distal molar movement. The effects of favorable and unfavorable growth are also considered. A brief case report is presented to demonstrate use of the Royal london Space Planning.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = process (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/57. Treatment of a patient with a Class II malocclusion, impacted canine, and severe malalignment.A case report of the orthodontic treatment of a male adolescent with a unilateral dental Class II malocclusion, an impacted canine, severe maxillary malalignment, and a canted maxillary anterior occlusal plane. Treatment consisted of full fixed appliances, extraction of the maxillary right first premolar, and surgical exposure of the impacted canine. Treatment vastly improved the patient's facial and dental esthetics. A Class I skeletal and dental relationship was established, along with a functional anterior guidance. The dental arches were coordinated and the dental midlines coincident with the midsagittal plane. This case report was presented to the American Board of orthodontics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the certification process conducted by the Board.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.1keywords = process (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/57. Orthodontic tooth movement after extraction of previously autotransplanted maxillary canines and ridge augmentation.A case report is detailed in which autotransplanted maxillary canines were removed and the spaces closed. Substantial surrounding bone loss was associated with the upper right canine, and a bone graft was needed to reestablish normal dentoalveolar ridge morphology. Bone was taken from the maxillary tuberosity and placed in the canine extraction site, fixed with a bone screw, and covered with GoreTex. Seven months after placement of the bone graft, the GoreTex and stabilizing screw were removed to allow for consolidation of the bone. The upper left canine and lower second premolars were extracted, and fixed appliances were placed in both arches to align the teeth and close the spaces. Protraction of the upper right first premolar and retraction of the lateral incisor into the graft site were kept slow and constant with continued periodontal assessment. During the space closure, there was some concern that the bone in the graft site might resorb, leaving the teeth with compromised periodontal support. However, no significant periodontal attachment loss occurred despite ongoing concern about the amount of keratinized tissue. Perhaps the relatively slow rate of tooth movement provided for bone to be maintained and recreated ahead of the tooth. Almost complete closure of the upper canine extraction spaces was achieved. The upper premolars were substituted for the maxillary canines, and unfavorable prosthetic options were thus avoided. The lower arch was aligned, and the extraction spaces completely closed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6.9310923899018keywords = alveolar (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/57. Early treatment of angle Class II, division 2 in combination with functional therapy of TMJ fracture.Children who have sustained condylar fractures are treated with functional appliances because surgical repositioning of the condyle is more resource-intensive without producing better results. In cases with additional malocclusions it is practicable to combine the functional therapy of the fracture with skeletal Class II therapy. A 10-year-old boy suffering from a left condylar fracture and showing Class II, Division 2 malocclusion was treated with a skeletal functional appliance in combination with a utility arch for uprighting of the incisors. A modified transpalatal bar was then used to retain the incisor position. The remodeling process of the mandibular condyle following its fracture with dislocation signifies a high adaptability of the affected tissues. This reaction can be used simultaneously for effective sagittal repositioning of the mandible in certain cases of Class II malocclusion.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.1keywords = process (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/57. Anterior mandibular dentoalveolar advancement utilizing lyophilized bone.patients with low angle Class II malocclusions complicated by strong nasal and chin profiles, interarch width discrepancies, and an exaggerated mandibular curve of Spee present several diagnostic and treatment problems. Various treatment possibilities are discussed and anterior mandibular dentoalveolar advancement is suggested as a treatment for these patients. Lyophilized, homologous bone is recommended for placement into the defects created by segmental advancement to avoid root resorption and ankylosis caused by autologous bone grafts. Finally, a modified incision is presented that facilitates watertight closure of the surgical wound.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 34.655461949509keywords = alveolar (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/57. Combined surgical therapy of temporomandibular joint ankylosis and secondary deformity using intraoral distraction.temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is a pathological process caused by damage of the mandibular condyle. When this event takes place in subjects during the developmental age, it results in an alteration of the entire maxillofacial complex. Therefore, surgical methods able to remove the temporomandibular ankylosis also include necessary operations to correct the secondary maxillofacial deformity. The distraction osteogenesis has induced our center to modify the surgical protocol for the therapy of patients who have developed TMJ ankylosis and secondary maxillomandibular deformity. We have treated four patients with monolateral ankylosis of the TMJ and serious deformities of the maxillomandibular complex secondary to functional limitation. During the same operation, arthroplasty was performed with the removal of the ankylotic block and the interposition of a temporal muscle flap in the new articular space; an intraoral osteodistractor was also positioned to lengthen the mandible. All patients showed recovery of the eurhythmy of the face and good re-establishment of the symmetry. An average 12-month follow-up showed the average opening of the mouth to be at least 35 mm. The combination of TMJ arthroplasty and intraoral osteodistraction provides good functional and aesthetic results in patients affected by ankylosis who have developed secondary maxillofacial deformities.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.1keywords = process (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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