1/35. Extensive mediastinal lymphadenopathy in an adult immunocompetent woman caused by mycobacterium avium complex.We report a case of extensive mediastinal lymphadenopathy in a 29-year-old immunocompetent woman, which was thought to be caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Chest radiographs showed deterioration while the patient was receiving antituberculous medication for 8 months. After isolation of mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) from a lymph node aspiration biopsy and switch to a MAC-specific therapeutic regimen, the lesion almost completely disappeared within 1 year. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an extensive mediastinal lymphadenopathy caused by MAC in an immunocompetent adult.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tuberculosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/35. Spontaneous oesophageal perforation due to mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis - atypical presentation of tuberculosis.Spontaneous non-traumatic oesophageal perforation secondary to bursting of a mediastinal tuberculous abscess into the oesophagus is rare. The diagnosis is delayed, as perforation remains localised due to mediastinal lymph nodes. Patient can be effectively managed by paraoesophageal drainage of the mediastinal abscess and oesophageal diversion.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = tuberculosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/35. pulmonary artery occlusion from tuberculous lymphadenopathy in a child.Occlusion of the pulmonary artery is a rare complication of mediastinal tuberculosis. We report on a 10-year-old girl who presented with a tuberculous pericardial effusion in whom subsequent imaging showed a totally occluded right pulmonary artery from tuberculous lymphadenopathy. diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction from a lymph node biopsy. Failure of medical therapy necessitated surgical reconstruction of her right pulmonary artery. Postoperatively she has normal perfusion of the right lung and normal lung function.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tuberculosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/35. Mediastinal tuberculosis in a 10-month-old child.We report a rare case of mediastinal tuberculosis in a child who presented as a possible inhaled foreign body. A 10-month-old girl was admitted with a five-month history of cough, wheeze and problematic feeding, thought initially to be due to asthma. A clinical deterioration and subsequent x-rays suggested an inhaled foreign body. However, at direct laryngotracheobronchoscopy no foreign body was found and subsequent investigations revealed a subcarinal mediastinal mass. She underwent a thoracotomy and excision of the mass, the histological analysis of which revealed it to be of tuberculous origin. When a patient presents with symptoms of upper airway obstruction which are highly suggestive of a foreign body, other causes such as mediastinal tuberculosis must be borne in mind when no foreign body can be found. Although rare, cases of tuberculosis are apparently increasing and the otolaryngologist must be aware of its various manifestations and submit specimens for appropriate analysis. We also briefly review mediastinal lymphadenopathy due to tuberculosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 8keywords = tuberculosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/35. A case of chronic expanding hematoma presenting as a huge mass in the pleural cavity.We report a case of a huge chronic expanding hematoma completely removed by surgery. A 71-year-old man was found to have a 3-cm-diameter round nodule in the posterior mediastinum seven years previously. He was not administered any treatment because he did not have any other serious symptoms. There was nothing in his history that could be related to his present condition, such as thoracic surgical treatment or tuberculosis. The massive tumor in the left pleural cavity grew, compressing the left lung and heart gradually in the past seven years. Cytological examination of a needle biopsy specimen showed only erythrocytes with a few infiltrating inflammatory cells. Moreover, his preoperative histopathological analysis did not reveal any significant findings. Therefore, he underwent complete resection of the hematoma including the fibrous capsule and left lower lobectomy. Severance of abundant new vascularizations caused massive bleeding. The postoperative course was uneventful. There was no recurrence in the two years. In cases of gradual growth of a mass without indications of malignancy, we should consider the existence of a chronic expanding hematoma even in patients without a history of thoracic operation or tuberculosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = tuberculosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/35. Cervical abscess and mediastinal adenopathy: an unusual presentation of childhood histoplasmosis.histoplasmosis is the most common endemic respiratory mycosis in the united states. We report the clinical and imaging findings in a case of a child with the rare presentation of a neck abscess and mediastinal lymphadenopathy secondary to acute, non-disseminated histoplasmosis. Imaging findings often mimic other granulomatous infections such as tuberculosis or neoplastic processes such as lymphoma. histoplasmosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a child who presents with enlarged mediastinal and cervical lymphadenopathy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tuberculosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/35. role of computed chest tomography (CT scan) in tuberculous retinal vasculitis.AIM: To compare computed chest tomography (chest CT) and routine chest x-rays for the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with presumed tuberculous retinal vasculitis. MATERIALS AND methods: case reports. RESULTS: Three patients underwent a detailed workup for uveitis. Routine chest x-rays showed normal lung fields in all cases with abnormal hilar shadows in one case. Chest CT revealed the presence of active tuberculous mediastinitis in all three patients. CONCLUSIONS: Chest CT revealed the presence, dimensions, and activity of tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenopathy which routine chest x-rays were unable to detect. Thus, chest CT may be the preferred modality for pulmonary evaluation in these patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tuberculosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/35. Mediastinal mass with Dysphagia in an elderly patient.We report the use of endoscopic techniques for successful diagnosis in a case of atypical esophageal tuberculosis. Tuberculosis of the esophagus is an unusual presentation of this disease, having been estimated to occur in 0.15% of the people who die of tuberculosis. A few cases of possible primary tuberculous esophagitis have been described. This report describes a patient with dysphagia who appeared to have esophageal tuberculosis without hiv and in the absence of other signs of tuberculosis. The patient responded promptly to treatment with tuberculostatics.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = tuberculosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/35. Tuberculous abscesses in patients with AIDS.Five cases of large tuberculous abscesses in patients with AIDS were observed over a 2-year period at the new york veterans Affairs Medical Center. These cases represent 11.6% of the 43 cases of tuberculosis diagnosed in patients with AIDS during that period. The abscesses were located in the liver, abdominal wall, psoas muscle, mediastinum, and peripancreatic area. All patients presented with localized pain or swelling, and four of five patients had fever. The diagnosis was made on the basis of detection of abscesses on computed tomography (CT) and the results of culture of abscess material obtained by CT-guided aspiration. CT-guided therapeutic drainage was performed in two cases. Despite administration of therapy, two of five patients died of tuberculous infection. Formation of tuberculous abscesses appears to be a common complication of tuberculosis in patients with AIDS. This diagnosis should be considered for patients with AIDS who have fever and localized pain or swelling.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = tuberculosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/35. An unusual presentation of oesophageal tuberculosis.Oesophageal tuberculosis secondary to tuberculous mediastinal lymphadenopathy is a very unusual presentation of adult tuberculosis. We report a young patient who presented with anorexia and weight loss. The chest radiograph and CT scan revealed mediastinal lymphadenopathy causing extrinsic oesophageal compression on the barium swallow. This was confirmed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Four weeks later, because of spontaneous partial relief in dysphagia, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was repeated and revealed an ulcerated lesion with nodular margins at the mid-oesophagus. biopsy from the ulcer margin revealed non-caseating granulomas. The patient had complete relief of dysphagia and other symptoms within 3 weeks of start of antituberculosis therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = tuberculosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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