1/37. Correlation of response to 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine and metabolism of drug by tumor.phosphorylation versus deamination of ara-C by tumor homogenates was measured in 10 patients prior to treatment with ara-C infusion. The ratio ranged from 0.24 to 1.2 in 5 malignant melanomas, 2.6 to 3.2 in 3 histiocytic lymphomas and 0.9 in a hemangiopericytoma. Treatment of the 9 patients with 2 courses of 5-day continuous ara-C infusion failed to produce objective evidence of tumor regression. The tenth patient had lymphosarcoma leukemia. The baseline ratio of ara-C phosphorylation over deamination activity of the tumor cells was 1.23. Treatment with 2 courses of continuous ara-C infusions produced a brief state of complete remission. The ratio of araC phosphorylation over deamination activity in the tumor cells after relapse was only 0.1 and retreatment with ara-C infusions failed to produce antitumor response. This study indicates that factors other than a high ratio of phosphorylation over deamination activity by the tumor seem to play an important role in the susceptibility of tumors to ara-C treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = leukemia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/37. Malignant melanoma occurring within a previously irradiated area.The commonest radiation-induced neoplasms are sarcomas. Ionizing radiation is not usually associated with the development of malignant melanoma. We report two patients with malignant melanoma occurring within a previously irradiated area. There is evidence to support radiation in the pathogenesis of melanoma but the family histories, especially in one patient, suggest that genetic mutations may also have played a role, particularly in relation to the short latent period.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 39.572394940225keywords = radiation-induced (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/37. Unusual presentation of granulocytic sarcoma in the breast: a case report and review of the literature.This is a case of granulocytic sarcoma presenting as bilateral breast masses in a 40-yr-old woman with concurrent unsuspected chronic myeloid leukemia diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration. The granulocytic differentiation was recognized on Diff-Quik-stained cytology smears and confirmed rapidly on flow cytometry on the same day. The breast has been reported to be an uncommon site for granulocytic sarcoma. We found that 38.8% of granulocytic sarcomas diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration in the English-language literature occurred in the breast. In the absence of clinical history or hematological abnormality, granulocytic sarcoma may be misdiagnosed, depending on the degree of myeloid differentiation present within the tumor. The differential diagnosis includes large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, lobular carcinoma of the breast, undifferentiated carcinoma, malignant melanoma, extramedullary hemopoiesis and inflammation. The key morphological features and useful ancillary tests are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = leukemia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/37. Tumor antigens isolated from a patient with vitiligo and T-cell-infiltrated melanoma.Serological identification of tumor antigens by cDNA expression cloning is a technique used to isolate cDNAs encoding tumor antigens that are recognized by IgG antibodies in sera from cancer patients. It is also useful for the isolation of tumor antigens recognized by T cells. We applied this method to identify melanoma antigens recognized by the serum from a patient with a good prognosis who had T-cell-infiltrated melanoma and vitiligo. By screening a lambda phage cDNA library constructed from a highly pigmented melanoma cell line, SKmel23, with the patient's serum, 50 positive cDNA clones consisting of 26 distinct antigens were isolated. Of these, 20 encoded known proteins, and 6 encoded previously uncharacterized ones. The most frequently isolated clone, which we named KU-MEL-1, was unknown previously but was homologous to partial cDNA sequences registered in the expressed sequence tag database. reverse transcription-PCR and Northern blot analysis demonstrated that KU-MEL-1 was strongly expressed in most melanoma cell lines, melanoma tissue samples, and cultured melanocytes and weakly expressed in cell lines derived from other types of tumors, as well as in some normal tissues, including testis. Western blot analysis with polyclonal murine antibody generated by immunization with the recombinant KU-MEL-1 protein demonstrated that the KU-MEL-1 protein was preferentially expressed in melanoma cells and melanocytes. IgG antibodies against KU-MEL-1 were detected in the sera from 9 of 26 melanoma patients and from some patients with other cancers, including brain tumor, esophageal cancer, colon cancer, and chronic myelogenous leukemia, but were not detected in sera from 30 healthy individuals. Although the IgG specific for KU-MEL-1 was not detected in sera from 12 vitiligo patients, it was detected in sera from 7 of 11 patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease that is thought to be an autoimmune disease against melanocytes. These results suggest that KU-MEL-1 may be a useful target for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic methods for patients with various cancers, particularly with melanoma, as well as patients with autoimmune diseases against melanocytes.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = leukemia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/37. The multiple tumor syndrome. Personal experience.The multiple tumor syndrome is an unusual pathologic condition, which consists in association of multiple malignancies in the same patient. Seven cases are discussed: two women, five men, aged 32-70 years. The period between the two neoplasias was 2-23 years (in 6 cases). In one case the two malignancies appeared concomitantly. The hematological malignancies were: multiple myeloma: 2 cases; chronic granulocytic leukemia: 2 cases; chronic lymphatic leukemia: 3 cases. In four cases, the solid tumor followed the hematological malignancy at variable periods (2 and 4 years). In other two cases, the solid tumors preceded the hematological malignancy with 2 years, 23 years respectively. The solid tumors were genital cancers, malignant melanoma, spino-cellular carcinoma, thyroid cancer, hemangiosarcoma. In a single case the second tumor was a hematological malignancy too (NHL-diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma). Possible implications of previous therapy and environmental factors are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = leukemia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/37. Gamma knife radiosurgery for metastatic tumours in the brain stem.BACKGROUND: Stereotactic radiosurgery has become important in the treatment of metastatic brain tumours and is often the first choice modality for eloquent or deep locations such as the brain stem. This study evaluated the efficacy of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for the treatment of brain stem metastases. methods: The medical records of 25 patients with 31 tumours, 11 men and 14 women aged 42 to 78 years (mean 57.1 years), who underwent GKS for metastatic tumours in the brain stem were retrospectively reviewed. The results of GKS were evaluated according to the change in tumour size on neuro-imaging. FINDINGS: The most common location of the primary malignancy was the lung followed by the breast. adenocarcinoma was found in 19 patients (24 lesions). No case of squamous cell carcinoma was found. The mean calculated tumour volume was 2.1 cm(3) and the mean prescription dose to the tumour margin was 13.0 Gy. Mean duration of neuro-imaging follow up was 5.2 months and the overall tumour control rate was 77.4%. There was a significant correlation between the marginal dose delivered and the effect on neuro-imaging. New radiation-induced injury in the surrounding brain occurred in only 2 patients. INTERPRETATION: GKS for brain stem metastases using a marginal dose of 15 Gy or less is effective and relatively safe. Accurate targeting of the tumour and safe dose planning are essential to obtain satisfactory results with GKS for brain stem metastases.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 39.572394940225keywords = radiation-induced (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/37. Analysis of two human monoclonal antibodies against melanoma.B cells derived from peripheral-blood lymphocytes (PBL) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from a patient with a high serum antibody titer to autologous melanoma were transformed with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and evaluated for reactivity against autologous tumor. B cells producing antibody reactive with autologous tumor and unreactive with normal fibroblasts were detected both in TIL and in PBL. One cell line derived from PBL and another derived from TIL sustained production of tumor-reactive antibody for 10 weeks and over 15 months respectively. The cell line derived from PBL, 2D11, produced an antibody reactive with a trypsin-resistant antigen expressed on the cell membrane of autologous and allogeneic melanoma cell lines. The cell line derived from TIL, 1F6, produced an antibody reactive with a cell-surface glycoprotein expressed by 5 autologous melanoma cell lines derived from 5 different metastases and 16/19 allogeneic melanoma cell lines. 1F6 also showed reactivity with cell lines derived from a blue nevus, a congenital nevus, an astrocytoma, and 1/4 renal-cell carcinomas; but it was not reactive with 5 foreskin melanocyte cell lines, 2 normal fibroblast lines, 5 leukemia/lymphoma lines, 8 lung-cancer lines, 8 glioblastoma lines, or lines derived from 1 ovarian carcinoma, 1 colon carcinoma, 1 vulvar carcinoma, 1 fibrosarcoma, 1 murine melanoma, or 4 murine leukemia/lymphomas. We describe here an antibody that detects a new melanoma specificity obtained by EBV transformation of tumor-infiltrating B cells.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = leukemia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/37. radiation-induced tumor after stereotactic radiosurgery and whole brain radiotherapy: case report and literature review.radiation-induced neoplasms are extremely rare after stereotactic radiosurgery. To date, only 3 cases meet Cahan's criteria in the world literature. We present a fourth case of a radiation-induced neoplasm arising after radiosurgery. The patient is a 43-year-old woman who presented with a right cerebellar anaplastic astrocytoma 64 months after radiosurgery for metastatic melanoma. Initially, 3 brain metastases involving the inferior right temporal (2 tumors) and right frontal regions were treated. Following radiosurgery, the patient underwent whole brain radiotherapy (37.5 Gy). Twenty-two months later, a second radiosurgical procedure was performed for a recurrent right temporal lobe metastasis. The area of cerebellum where the glioma developed received a maximum dose of 7.7 and 1.5 Gy during the 2 procedures, respectively. Support that radiosurgery contributed to the development of this glioma are the tumor's location and the rarity of adult cerebellar astrocytomas. The risk of radiation-induced tumors after radiosurgery is unknown. To better define the incidence of radiation-induced neoplasms after radiosurgery, all potential cases should be presented and discussed in an open, candid fashion.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 118.71718482067keywords = radiation-induced (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/37. Malignant melanoma and hairy cell leukemia. Two cases.The authors report two cases of malignant melanoma associated with hairy cell leukemia. Skin neoplasia preceded hematological malignancy in the first observation. Among reports concerning the association of malignant melanoma with hematological diseases, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma and non Hodgkin's lymphoma are preponderant. Epidemiological studies would be of value to predict the expected risk of malignant melanoma in hairy cell leukemia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = leukemia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/37. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition to treat radiation-induced brain necrosis and edema.Brain necrosis and edema develop in a proportion of brain tumor patients treated with radiosurgery. Surgical resection and corticosteroids have considerable morbidity. Two metastatic melanoma brain lesions in a 14-year-old girl were treated with radiosurgery and whole-brain radiation treatment. Both lesions became symptomatic from radiologic features of necrosis and edema and were unresponsive to oral corticosteroids. The larger lesion was resected, but the other lesion continued to enlarge. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor was started, and the child improved clinically and radiologically. The usefulness of COX-2 inhibitors in treating radiation necrosis and edema, as suggested by this report, requires further study.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 158.2895797609keywords = radiation-induced (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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