1/11. Haematemesis and Melaena: surgical management.A prospective study of the surgical management of 100 consecutive patients with benign, non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding is presented. The manner of presentation, precipitating factors, investigations and associated medical problems are discussed. Chronic duodenal ulceration was the most common cause of haemorrhage. vagotomy and drainage with oversewing or excision of the bleeding ulcer was the surgical procedure performed in 71 of the patients in the series. The incidence of recurrent bleeding was 7%; no patient in this category required further operation. The mortality rate was 6%, and there were no deaths recorded in the patients who underwent vagotomy and drainage. The reasons for the relatively low surgical mortality are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/11. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome and gastrointestinal haemorrhage: which treatment?PURPOSE: To describe a paediatric case of "Blue rubber Bleb nevus syndrome" (BRBNS) or Bean's syndrome, a rare systemic disorder characterised by cutaneous and gastrointestinal vascular malformations that often lead to overt life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding or occult blood loss with severe anaemia and iron deficiency. CASE REPORT: A 6-year-old girl with multiple characteristic cutaneous vascular lesions was admitted for a massive rectal bleeding. A few months previously she was endoscopically treated for gastric angiomas which developed into melaena. Preoperative investigations revealed the recurrence of gastric lesions. At laparotomy, more than 25 angiomas of the GI tract were found. Multiple intestinal resections were carried out. RESULTS: No intraoperative or postoperative problems occurred and the girl is completely healthy without further bleeding after a follow-up period of three years. CONCLUSIONS: BRBNS belongs to the group of vascular venous malformations. Most of the time it occurs sporadically, but it can be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Recent analysis identified a locus on chromosome 9 responsible for venous malformations. BRBNS patients present typical skin lesions, with some lesions having a rubber-like nipple appearance; the number of skin and GI lesions and the severity of anaemia are correlated. Treatment is dependent on the extent of gut involvement and the severity of the clinical picture. In the absence of massive bleeding, a conservative treatment will be sufficient; otherwise resections are mandatory, but additional lesions may subsequently develop. Management with electrocautery or laser photocoagulation are usually not effective even if some reports recommend them. Pharmacological treatment is useless. prognosis of BRBNS is unknown.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/11. Massive intestinal haemorrhage due to a solitary jejunal metastasis of a primary bronchogenic tumour.A case is presented of a 72-year old male patient presenting with a massive intestinal blood loss due to a solitary jejunal metastasis of a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the right lung resected two years earlier. After diagnostic workup and stabilization a small bowel resection with end to end anastomosis was performed. Patient is alive and well 5 months after operation. Solitary bleeding intestinal metastasis of a primary bronchogenic tumour are extremely rare but should be included in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal blood loss in a patient with a known bronchogenic tumour. Resection with end to end anastomosis is the treatment of choice.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/11. Massive haemorrhage due to ulcerative colitis presenting as melaena.We present a patient with known ulcerative colitis who presented with massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding in the form of melaena. Extensive investigations indicated that the source of blood loss was only from the colon, was attributable to the colitis, and settled when the colitis was treated with steroids. Melaena may be due to blood loss from the colon.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/11. myocardial infarction following recombinant activated factor VII in a patient with type 2A von Willebrand disease.We describe a 50-year-old man with von Willebrand disease type 2A who suffers from angiodysplasia and has required many transfusions for gastro-intestinal haemorrhage. Various investigative modalities have not demonstrated a single source for this. Following a case report of successful use of recombinant activated factor VII (NovoSeven; Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, denmark), the patient was treated with it but suffered a large myocardial infarct. As the patient has risk factors for atherosclerotic disease, we presume the recombinant activated factor VII promoted coagulation at a pre-existing atherosclerotic lesion.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/11. Gastrointestinal stromal tumour of the duodenum in a 7-year-old boy.We report a 7-year-old boy presenting with an acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) haemorrhage subsequently diagnosed to have a very rare duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST). endoscopy, pertechnetate and red cell scans were negative. Abdominal US detected a 17-mm mass lesion of the third part of the duodenum. This was confirmed on CT and shown to be hypervascular on selective angiography. At laparotomy, a 20-mm submucosal duodenal lesion was found associated with mucosal ulceration. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed it to be positive for CD117 (c-KIT protein) consistent with a GIST. We emphasize the importance of a thorough abdominal US examination in children with GI haemorrhage and the consideration of GIST in the diagnosis after the common causes have been excluded.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/11. A case of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia successfully treated with recombinant factor viia during a surgical procedure: observations on the monitoring and the mechanism of action of this drug.Recombinant factor viia (rFVIIa) has been shown to be efficient for the treatment of haemorrhages in patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia presenting anti-glycoprotein IIb-IIIa antibodies, but the mechanism of action is not well established and there is no routine laboratory test for the monitoring of rFVIIa. In this study, thrombin generation (TG) test was used to assess the efficacy of rFVIIa ex vivo in a Glanzmann patient with inhibitor, who had a surgery for cholesteatoma. The day before surgery, TG capacity in platelet rich plasma was significantly diminished (Endogenous thrombin potential = 637nM x min) in comparison with the normal control group (1338 /-353 nM x min). Thirty minutes after the first infusion of 90 microg/kg of rFVIIa, TG was increased by 59% (1010 nM x min). rFVIIa was administered as intravenous bolus injection of 90 microg/kg q x 2h during the first 24h, than 66microg/kg q x 2h during 24h and 53 microg/kg q x 2h on the post-operative day 3. Residual TG capacity measured before rFVIIa administration mostly remained above 1000nM x min and the coagulation capacity was not significantly modified after a new injection of rFVIIa. The fibrin network was studied with 3D confocal microscopy using clots obtained with TG test. After rFVIIa infusion, the fibrin network was tighter in comparison with the sample before rFVIIa injection. These results provide further ex vivo evidence on haemostatic efficacy of rFVIIa in Glanzmann's patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/11. Gastro-intestinal haemorrhage associated with leukaemic infiltration of the stomach: A report of 2 cases.Two cases of leukaemic infiltration of the stomach are presented. In both patients the dominant presenting sign was gastro-intestinal bleeding. The clinical, radiological and pathological findings are presented together with a brief review of the literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/11. Jejunal diverticula causing massive haemorrhage.Two elderly patients with massive bleeding from jejunal diverticulosis are reported. Scintigraphy revealed the bleeding source. Emergency resection of the involved portion of jejunum cured the patients. Few such cases have been published. Although very rare, one must always have in mind jejunal diverticula to be the source of gastrointestinal haemorrhage.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/11. Recurrent intestinal haemorrhages caused by a lipoma in the ileocaecal valve in a patient with Von Willebrand's disease.Lipomas of the digestive tract are rare and may give rise to obstruction, intussusception or haemorrhage. In a 74-year old woman with Von Willebrand's disease, a lipoma in the ileocaecal valve caused frequent intestinal haemorrhages and chronic anaemia over a period of more than 15 years. diagnosis and therapy are discussed on the basis of the case history.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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