1/18. Primary meningoencephalitis by naegleria fowleri: first reported case from Mangalore, South india.A fatal case of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) in a 5-month-old infant is described. The disease may have been contracted during bathing. The source of water was from an artificial well. The clinical presentation, the isolation of the ameba from the cerebrospinal fluid, the poor response to amphotericin b, and the ultimate fatal outcome are all consistent with the diagnosis of PAM. On the basis of its ability to grow at temperatures above 30 degrees C, the morphology of the trophozoite, and the presence of flagellate forms, the ameba was identified as naegleria fowleri. Pathogenic N. fowleri amebae were recovered from samples of water from the well. To our knowledge this case represents the second case of PAM in an infant in the absence of the history of swimming.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = water (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/18. December 2002: 19-year old male with febrile illness after jet ski accident.The December 2002 COM. A 19-year-old healthy male fell into stagnant water of the intercostal waterway (salt water of South florida), following a jet ski accident. He sustained minor superficial injuries but engulfed significant quantities of water and sediment. A few days later he developed bifrontal headaches, vomiting, a stiff neck and a temperature of 102 degrees F. A CT scan on admission without contrast was negative. The CSF had markedly elevated white count but bacterial and fungal cultures were negative. He became progressively lethargic. On the fifth day he developed seizure activity. He expired the next day despite antibiotics. Gross examination of the brain at autopsy revealed edema, cerebellar tonsillar herniation and purulent meningitis. Microscopic examination revealed a massive leptomeningeal inflammatory infiltrate composed of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and numerous histiocyte-like cells. The inflammatory infiltrate extended into the cerebral parenchyma in numerous areas also involving the cerebellum, brainstem and ventricular system. Given the exposure to stagnant water (later confirmed to be a man-made fresh water lake), and the numerous histiocytic-like cells, suspicion for an amebic etiology of the disease process was raised and the CDC identified the ameba as naegleria fowleri. infection by naegleria fowleri, a free-living ameba, occurs after exposure to polluted water in man-made fresh water lakes, ponds, swimming pools, particularly during the warm weather months when the thermophilic ameba grows well. The pathologic substrate of the infection is an acute hemorrhagic, necrotizing meningo-encephalitis mainly at the base of the brain, brainstem and cerebellum occurring in young, healthy individuals.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = water (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/18. Primary amebic meningoencephalitis--georgia, 2002.In early September 2002, the georgia Division of public health and CDC were notified about a fatal case of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by naegleria fowleri in a boy aged 11 years who had recently swum in a local river. This report summarizes the case investigation. In response to this case, the district health department recommended that local community authorities advise persons to avoid swimming in this river during periods of high temperature and low water depth.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = water (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/18. Successful treatment of naegleria fowleri meningoencephalitis by using intravenous amphotericin b, fluconazole and rifampicin.BACKGROUND: Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is an emerging disease with a rapidly fatal outcome. Only eight reports of cured cases have appeared in the medical literature to date. methods: A 10-year-old boy developed PAM caused by naegleria fowleri 1 week after swimming in an irrigation canal. He was admitted to our hospital after 9 h of severe headache and vomiting, fever, ataxic gait, mild confusion, and seizures were evident. trophozoites were identified in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Treatment with intravenous (i.v.) dexamethasone, amphotericin b, fluconaloze, and oral rifampicin was started. After several hours of conflicting clinical signs, recovery began, and on the third day he was conscious again. Hospital discharge occurred on day 23, after a normal brain CT scan. There was no sequel to the disease during the following 12 months. RESULTS: The amebas present in the CSF were identified and confirmed as N. fowleri after observation of wet mounts and of cultures seeded on 1.5% non-nutrient agar plates covered with escherichia coli, vegetative and cystic forms, enflagellation experiments in distilled water at 98 degrees F, temperature tolerance testing and by indirect immunofluorescence using N. fowleri LEE antibody. The genotype was determined by PCR amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) including the 5.8S rDNA. CONCLUSIONS: Early treatment of PAM by i.v. administration of amphotericin b and fluconazole, and oral administration of rifampicin can offer some hope of cure for this devastating disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = water (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/18. Fatal case of naegleria fowleri meningo-encephalitis in an infant: case report.Primary amoebic meningo-encephalitis (PAM) is extremely rare and is caused by naegleria fowleri. It is ?commonly seen in older children who swim in water contaminated with Naegleria species. It is very rare to contract the illness by any other means. We report a case of PAM in an infant aged 6 months. To the best of our knowledge, only one other case of PAM in an infant has been reported from india. A high index of suspicion is required in infants who manifest similarly to pyogenic meningitis but whose CSF shows no bacterial organisms so that a wet mount of a CSF sample can be done for early detection of naegleria fowleri infection and appropriate intervention.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = water (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/18. Successful treatment of primary amebic meningoencephalitis.The fourth documented survivor of primary amebic meningoencephalitis, a young man with a history of waterskiing in a stagnant freshwater lake in northeastern pennsylvania, is presented. Early consideration of this unusual diagnosis, based on historical factors (recent contact with warm fresh water), coupled with prompt aggressive therapy with high-dose amphotericin b is emphasized in achieving a successful outcome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5keywords = water (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/18. Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in thailand: report of a case and review literatures.Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) which is caused by free-living amoeba, naegleria fowleri, is a rare disease. We report the fifth case in thailand in order to add more information. The patient was a previously healthy 4 1/2-year-old girl from Nakhon Pathom province. For several weeks before this illness she had swum in a water supply canal. She developed high fever with change in consciousness. Her cerebrospinal fluid contained numerous naegleria fowleri which grew in culture media and mice inoculation. She did not respond to treatment with intravenous and intraventricular amphotericin b, and oral rifampicin. She died on the fifth day of illness. Water sample from the canal also grew N. fowleri. All five reported cases in thailand were reviewed. It was found that none of them had been exposed to a common source. Four of the five cases were male, and four cases occurred during the summer months, March to May. These findings agree with worldwide information.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = water (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/18. Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in nigeria (report of two cases in children).Two cases of PAME in children occurring during dusty harmattan period in Northern nigeria are reported. In the absence of history of swimming or any other water related sport, and as suggested in our two previous reports, a dustbone infection as an important route of infection in PAME in this area is stressed. A need to fully investigate any atypical case of meningitis and meningoencephalitis in this area is emphasised.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = water (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/18. Primary amebic meningoencephalitis.Primary amebic meningoencephalitis a rapidly fatal CNS infection caused by the free-living ameba naegleria fowleri. The disease is acquired by swimming in fresh water and is being recognized with increasing frequency. Results of early diagnosis and treatment with amphotericin and other drugs suggest therapeutic optimism. Epidemiological surveys have shown the organism to be commonly present in fresh-water lakes in the warmer parts of the world. Prompt recognition and treatment is vital.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = water (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/18. Primary amebic meningoencephalitis diagnosed in the emergency department.Reported is a case of primary amebic meningoencephalitis diagnosed in the emergency department. The patient, a previously healthy teenager, developed Naegleria meningoencephalitis after swimming in a freshwater public pool. The Naegleria caused acute fulminating infection culminating in the death of the patient 36 hours after admission. Results of a spinal tap, together with the history of swimming in warm fresh water, led to the emergency department diagnosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = water (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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