1/144. Chronic steadily progressive central and peripheral predominantly motor demyelination, involving the cranial nerves, responsive to immunoglobulins.The association of central and peripheral demyelination was reported previously. Most of the cases refer to central chronic relapsing demyelination with clinical criteria for multiple sclerosis associated with later signs of peripheral nerve involvement. Other authors, described central lesions in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and in guillain-barre syndrome, as a seldom occurrence. We report a patient in which a chronic steadily progressive central and peripheral predominantly motor nervous system demyelination, involving the cranial nerves, was identified. The patient improved after intravenous immunoglobulin suggesting an immune-mediated mechanism. To our knowledge this presentation was not described before.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/144. Cranial polyneuropathies in multiple sclerosis: case report and literature review.Although cranial neuropathies are common disorders in multiple sclerosis patients, multiple cranial nerve involvement is an unusual occurrence. Correlation of clinical symptoms with magnetic resonance imaging evidence of demyelinating central nervous system lesions can confirm the diagnosis. The authors report on the case of a 43-year-old woman who initially was thought to have suffered a brainstem infarct but, in fact, had developed multiple cranial nerve functional deficits. Treatment of multiple sclerosis remains primarily supportive in nature, with corticosteroids used for acute exacerbations and chronic progression.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.4529311494115keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/144. tissue plasminogen activator gene expression in multiple sclerosis brain tissue.Recent studies have implicated tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in neurodegeneration. We studied multiple sclerosis (MS) brain tissue for tPA gene and protein expression in comparison with reference tissue, by in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry. MS is characterised by demyelination in the central nervous system. In this study, neuronal cell bodies in MS brain showed high expression of tPA mRNA and protein, while in reference brains, staining for protein and mRNA expression were very low in neurons and mostly restricted to blood vessel walls. In MS, there was an additional staining of mononuclear cells within perivascular cuffs and foamy macrophages within demyelinating plaques. In view of evidence that the final process of demyelination in MS is thought to be enzyme-mediated, our work suggests the involvement of tPA and by inference plasmin, in the demyelinating process. Blocking tPA or plasmin activity may be a potentially beneficial therapeutic approach in MS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.4529311494115keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/144. Demyelination in primate autoimmune encephalomyelitis and acute multiple sclerosis lesions: a case for antigen-specific antibody mediation.Neuropathological and ultrastructural features of central nervous system demyelination were compared in marmoset experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced with myelin/oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), and in 3 cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) displaying recent lesions. At the edges of EAE and MS lesions, a zone of myelin vacuolation was common, whereas in the lesion proper, myelin sheaths were consistently transformed into vesiculated membranous networks. These networks became dissociated from axons by cell processes from macrophages. Oligodendrocytes were remarkably spared and evidence of myelin repair was present but not prominent. Axonal pathology was more common in the MS material than in marmoset EAE. Immunocytochemistry, using gold-labeled encephalitogenic peptides of MOG and silver enhancement to detect MOG autoantibodies, revealed the presence of MOG-specific autoantibodies over vesiculated myelin networks. gold-labeled antibody to IgG also gave a positive reaction. gold-labeled peptide of myelin basic protein did not react with MOG/EAE tissue, but the same conjugate gave positive staining in MS (and in marmoset EAE induced by whole white matter), perhaps indicating broader spectrum immunoreactivity or sensitization to myelin antigens. Thus, vesicular disruption of myelin was a constant feature in these evolving, highly active lesions in primate EAE and MS and appeared causally related to the deposition of antigen-specific autoantibodies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.4529311494115keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/144. multiple sclerosis and non-communicating syringomyelia: a casual association or linked diseases?Non-communicating syringomyelia (NCS) can be associated with different disease processes such as arachnoidytis, trauma or tumor. Approximately 12 cases, documented radiographically, of the association of non-communicating syringomyelia and multiple sclerosis (MS) have been described but their relationship remains obscure. In 3 patients with laboratory supported MS spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a central cystic cavity. In 2 patients lesions on the spinal cord above the cavity were demonstrated. At 3-year follow-up in 1 patient, no change in the cavity was detected. Although 3 cases are insufficient for providing a definitive conclusion on the relationship between these two diseases, we suggest that demyelinating lesions have to be regarded as possible causes of spinal, asymptomatic cavities.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0013751354126399keywords = cyst (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/144. The syndrome of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia.The syndrome of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia is described in a series of patients with a variety of neurological diseases. Bladder function studies using cystometry, sphincter electromyography and electromyelography revealed that sphincter dyssynergia may be associated with detrusor hyperreflexia as well as detrusor areflexia. Impaired function of the pyramidal tracts was documented in all patients and the majority showed impaired segmental innervation of the bladder and urethra.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0013751354126399keywords = cyst (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/144. Sequestrum-like appearance of a multiple sclerosis brain lesion on serial magnetic resonance images.Using serial magnetic resonance imaging, we monitored an unique lesion of the brain in a 15-year-old girl with clinically definite and laboratory-supported remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis. During initial phases of the disease course, cystic necrosis around the plaque was observed. Later, remyelination of the central core of the lesion was speculated, as similarities in signal intensity between the core and the normal appearing white matter were partially recovered both on the T1- and the T2-weighted images.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0013751354126399keywords = cyst (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/144. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis associated with multiple sclerosis.Even though many disorders of the nervous system have been reported to be associated with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), the association of this syndrome with multiple sclerosis is extremely rare. We describe a patient with multiple sclerosis who developed SIADH and hyponatremia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/144. Primary sjogren's syndrome manifested as multiple sclerosis and cutaneous erythematous lesions: a case report.sjogren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the lacrimal and salivary glands, leading to dryness of eyes (kerato-conjunctivitis sicca) and mouth (xerostomia). The skin lesions in sjogren's syndrome are usually manifested as xeroderma, but sometimes appear as annular erythema or vasculitis. central nervous system symptoms may be presented as one of extraglandular manifestations, though rare in incidence, and need differential diagnosis from multiple sclerosis. We report a case of a 45-year-old woman diagnosed as multiple sclerosis at first but later as neurologic manifestation of primary sjogren's syndrome, showing signs of multiple sclerosis and cutaneous erythematous lesions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/144. cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal IgG bands in patients with spinal arteriovenous malformation and structural central nervous system lesions.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and characteristics of patients with structural central nervous system (CNS) lesions and cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal IgG bands. DESIGN: A retrospective study. METHOD: The medical records of patients with cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal IgG bands were evaluated for the presence of structural CNS lesions, their location and cause, and for clinical characteristics. SETTING: cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal IgG bands were examined in the Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, israel. patients: Two hundred seventy of 570 patients with positive cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal IgG bands were available for analysis. Twenty patients had structural CNS lesions. RESULTS: Twenty (7.5%) of the 270 patients had structural CNS lesions: 3 patients had spinal arteriovenous malformation; 5 patients had tumors; 9 patients had compressive cervical myelopathy. Traumatic leukomalacia, arnold-chiari malformation type 1, and CNS hemosiderosis were present in 1 patient each. In 2 patients (1 patient with recurrent meningioma and 1 patient with posttraumatic encephalomalacia) the presence of a structural CNS lesion was followed by the development of multiple sclerosis. In all 3 patients with spinal arteriovenous malformation, oligoclonal IgG identification prolonged the time to diagnosis and therapy, which varied from a few weeks to 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: Structural CNS lesions, responsible for the neurological disorder, were present in 20 patients (7.5%) with cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal IgG bands. The mechanism underlying oligoclonal IgG presence in spinal arteriovenous malformation and the coexistence of multiple sclerosis and structural CNS lesions is unknown, but may be related to recurrent tissue damage with repeated presentation of CNS antigens to the immune system.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 17.264655747058keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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