1/8. Bilateral substantia nigra changes on MRI in a patient with encephalitis lethargica.A 33-year-old woman admitted for meningoencephalitis had features of encephalitis lethargica develop on her third day of illness. She had ophthalmoplegia, akinetic mutism, and prominent extrapyramidal signs consisting of lip and hand tremors, cogwheel rigidity, and facial bradykinesia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bradykinesia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/8. Parkinsonism as an initial manifestation of brain tumor.Parkinsonism secondary to neoplasm is uncommon. We report two patients with bilaterally symmetric parkinsonism as the initial presentation of their brain tumors. The first patient was a 71-year-old woman who presented with a gradual onset of bilateral resting tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity. Computerized tomography (CT) of the brain revealed a large parasagittal tumor in the left frontal lobe. The patient completely recovered from the parkinsonian symptoms after removal of the brain tumor. The second patient, a 74-year-old man with a history of renal cell carcinoma of the right kidney suffered from an insidious onset of bilateral bradykinesia, rigidity and gait difficulty. Cerebral metastasis was noted on the brain CT scan. Early recognition of intracranial tumor as the cause of parkinsonism is important for the management of this type of movement disorder. Moreover, brain CT scanning plays an important role in the differential diagnosis of patients with parkinsonian symptoms.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = bradykinesia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/8. Gaucher's disease with Parkinson's disease: clinical and pathological aspects.The association between type 1 gaucher disease and PD has been reported in the literature. The clinical picture is characterized by the predominance of bilateral akinetic-rigid signs and poor response to levodopa therapy. The authors describe four patients (two siblings) with type 1 gaucher disease presenting with the following signs of typical PD: asymmetric onset of rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia, and a favorable response to Parkinson therapies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bradykinesia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/8. Parkinsonism in the course of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy.Parkinsonian syndromes may represent a complication of viral infection. Human T cell lymphotropic virus I (HTLV-I) is a cause of a chronic myelopathy in which encephalic involvement has been also found. We report on the case of a 60-year-old man with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy, complicated with bradykinesia, resting tremor, and cogwheel rigidity. These findings suggest that parkinsonian features may represent a neurological disorder associated with HTLV-I infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bradykinesia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/8. niacin improved rigidity and bradykinesia in a Parkinson's disease patient but also caused unacceptable nightmares and skin rash--a case report.A patient with Parkinson's disease taking levodopa/carbidopa, selegiline, buproprion, aspirin and niacin had decreased rigidity and bradykinesia when his niacin dose was steadily escalated for treatment of high triglycerides, but ultimately the patient could not tolerate niacin because of severe nightmares and skin rash. If further research can reproduce this patient's initial beneficial experience while avoiding the adverse effects, niacin could be a useful adjunctive agent for Parkinson's disease, either population-wide or in a pharmacogenomically defined set of responders.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = bradykinesia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/8. Bilateral intracerebral haemorrhage presenting with supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, bradykinesia and rigidity.A 70 year old man recovered from a left putamenal haemorrhage in 1984 with a residual mild right hemiparesis. In 1985 he presented following the sudden onset of inability to stand. The clinical findings of supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, bradykinesia and rigidity resembled those of progressive supranuclear palsy. CT scan revealed a recent haemorrhage deep in the right hemisphere white matter in addition to a low density change in the left basal ganglia reflecting the site of previous haemorrhage. The patient's course was uncomplicated and the ophthalmoplegia resolved. Bradykinesia and rigidity persist. This case illustrates an unusual clinical presentation of bilateral intracerebral haemorrhage with supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, bradykinesia and rigidity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = bradykinesia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/8. nicotine may relieve symptoms of Parkinson's disease.Two elderly patients with Parkinson's disease were treated with nicotine gum and patch. Reliable changes in symptomatology were noted, using a single-subject, placebo-control reversal design. Improvement was associated with active nicotine dosing and involved diminished tremor and disorganized thinking in one patient and diminished bradykinesia and increased energy in the other.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = bradykinesia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/8. High-frequency stimulation of the globus pallidus internalis in Parkinson's disease: a study of seven cases.The effectiveness of ventroposterolateral pallidotomy in the treatment of akinesia and rigidity is not a new discovery and agrees with recent investigations into the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, which highlight the role played by the unbridled activity of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the consequent overactivity of the globus pallidus internalis (GPi). Because high-frequency stimulation can reversibly incapacitate a nerve structure, we applied stimulation to the same target. Seven patients suffering from severe Parkinson's disease (Stages III-V on the Hoehn and Yahr scale) and, particularly, bradykinesia, rigidity, and levodopa-induced dyskinesias underwent unilateral electrode implantation in the posteroventral GPi. Follow-up evaluation using the regular Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale has been conducted for 1 year in all seven patients, 2 years in five of them, and 3 years in one. In all cases high-frequency stimulation has alleviated akinesia and rigidity and has generally improved gait and speech disturbances. In some cases tremor was attenuated. In a similar manner, the authors observed a marked diminution in levodopa-induced dyskinesias. This could be an excellent primary therapy for younger patients exhibiting severe bradykinesia, rigidity, and levodopa-induced dyskinesias, which would allow therapists to keep ventroposterolateral pallidotomy in reserve as a second weapon.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = bradykinesia (Clic here for more details about this article) |