1/29. Disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection presenting as osteomyelitis in a normal host.Disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection presenting as a painful lytic femur lesion with associated fever, night sweats and weight loss occurred in a 45-y-old woman with apparent normal immune function. Surgical drainage and 24 months of medical therapy resulted in a cure.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mycobacterium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/29. Mycobacterium-avium-intracellulare complex infection following 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine therapy for hairy cell leukaemia.2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) is associated with prolonged suppression of CD4 lymphocytes. Cases of tuberculosis or mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex (MAC) infection complicating 2-CdA administration have not been reported despite the low CD4 counts. We report a patient with Hairy Cell Leukaemia (HCL) who developed MAC infection one month following 2-CdA treatment. This patient had been previously treated with prednisone for Sweets syndrome. It would appear that the combination of 2-CdA and prednisone predisposes patients to MAC infection, and if possible this combination of treatment should be avoided.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = mycobacterium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/29. mycobacterium avium complex pleuritis accompanied by diabetes mellitus.A 72-year-old woman with diabetic nephropathy was hospitalized with peripheral edema in the extremities and weight increase. After diuretics and human serum albumin administration, her condition improved. From the 15th day she had run a subfever and her breathing was diminished in the left lower lung field. A plain chest x-ray film showed pleural effusion over the left lung field. The fluid was exudative. Fluid cultures were negative. A tuberculin reaction was negative. polymerase chain reaction method disclosed mycobacterium avium complex, indicating rare pleuritis due to mycobacterium avium complex. Eighteen days after chemotherapy, pleural effusion disappeared. Although her hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were maintained from 6.0 to 6.5% over 4 years, urinary albumin excretion levels and serum creatinine levels increased, indicating deteriorating diabetic nephropathy. serum albumin levels remained low (3.3-3.6 g/dl). malnutrition, impaired cellular immunity and apparently abnormal microvascular circulation due to diabetes mellitus may consequently have induced pleuritis due to mycobacterium avium complex.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.75keywords = mycobacterium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/29. Strong alpha beta and gamma delta TCR response in a patient with disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection and lack of NK cells and monocytopenia.infection with atypical mycobacteria occurs mainly in patients with a compromised cellular immune system, in particular in those with a defective T cell or monocyte function. Here we analyzed the specific immune response of an adolescent hiv-negative patient with disseminated mycobacterium avium infection and fatal varizella zoster virus infection. The patient presented with dysplastic hematopoesis of all cell lineage's and a bicytopenia of erythrocytes and leukocytes, but a hematological malignancy could not be found. We found a peripheral lymphopenia and monocytopenia, as well as a lack of NK-cells and B-cells. lymphocytes consisted of 95% T cells, which contained up to 40% of TCR gammadelta CD4-CD8-T-cells (mainly TCR gamma9delta2), few monocytes and B-cells. Approximately 50% of CD3 T-cells showed a CD57 NK-like phenotype. Functional analysis of PBMC revealed a good antigen-specific T cell function if antigen-presenting cells were supplemented from a HLA-matched donor. Moreover, a strong M. avium specific cytotoxicity mediated by TCR alphabeta T-cells could be found in vitro and even ex vivo. In contrast, NK-killing was absent. No evidence for a defect in IL-12 or IFN-gamma production and signaling were found. The data indicate that a strong alphabeta and gammadelta T cell immunity tries to compensate for a deficient monocyte and NK cell function in this patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = mycobacterium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/29. Successful treatment of mycobacterium avium osteomyelitis and arthritis in a non-immunocompromised child.In non-immunocompromised children, infections with mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) are rare, except for cervical lymphadenitis. We report here a 34-month-old boy who developed osteomyelitis and septic arthritis due to MAC. No findings could be revealed for immunodeficiency. He was treated successfully for 12 months with combined therapy consisting of clarithromycin, rifabutin and protionamid.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.25keywords = mycobacterium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/29. Cerebral mycobacterium avium infection in an hiv-infected patient following immune reconstitution and cessation of therapy for disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection.Reported here is a case of cerebral mycobacterium avium complex infection that occurred in an hiv-infected patient, who had been treated for disseminated infection and had discontinued clarithromycin and ethambutol following a significant rise in his CD4 T-cell count after starting highly active antiretroviral therapy. He responded well to excision of the lesion and reinstitution of multidrug therapy. Caution should be exercised when considering ceasing maintenance therapy for disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in hiv-infected patients who demonstrate an apparently good immunologic response to highly active antiretroviral therapy, as this response may not necessarily restore protective immunity against all opportunistic pathogens.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = mycobacterium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/29. Bone scintigraphy in mycobacterium avium osteomyelitis: a case report.A 30-year-old woman who had a destructive mycobacterium avium complex infection in the left inguinal fossa affecting the pubic bone underwent three-phase bone scanning to identify other possibly affected sites. Multiple skeletal lesions were seen scattered throughout the vertebral column, sternum, and pelvis. This case is presented to describe a rare extensive metastatic M. avium complex infection in an immunocompromised patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mycobacterium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/29. mycobacterium avium complex pleuritis.Non-tuberculous mycobacterium infection is rarely accompanied by pleural involvement. We report a very rare case of Mycobacterium avium-intracellurare complex (MAC) pleuritis with massive pleural effusion. The patient was a non-compromised 67-year-old female and had been treated for pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterium infection. She was admitted to hospital because of general malaise, low-grade fever and right pleural effusion. Cytological examination of the effusion did not show malignant cells. MAC was only identified by culture and PCR. No other bacteria were detected. Complete resolution of the pleural effusion occurred after administration of anti-tubercular agents (isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol) and clarithromycin.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = mycobacterium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/29. Potential interactions between irinotecan and rifampin in a patient with small-cell lung cancer.This report describes a patient with small-cell lung cancer who was infected with both mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacterium. He received irinotecan plus cisplatin, with and without rifampin. rifampin slightly reduced the conversion of irinotecan to 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38), as determined by pharmacokinetic analysis. rifampin may influence the metabolism and toxicity of irinotecan to some extent. However, there are possibilities to control M. tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex infections in patients with small-cell lung cancer by using rifampin in combination with irinotecan plus cisplatin.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = mycobacterium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/29. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody vasculitis associated with mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection.A variety of possible associations between infection and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis have been reported. We describe a 75-year-old woman who presented with chronic nonproductive cough, migratory polyarthralgias, and microscopic hematuria. She had an elevated perinuclear ANCA and antimyeloperoxidase antibody. She had a positive PPD test and a cavitary lesion in the right upper lung lobe; biopsy of the lung lesion showed granulomatous vasculitis, but the culture grew Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI). There are clinical and histiologic similarities between ANCA vasculitis and pulmonary MAI infection. Treatment of vasculitis with immunosuppressive agents could be detrimental in patients with MAI infection. Thus, when ANCA associated vasculitis is considered, mycobacterium infection should be excluded before starting immunosuppressive therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.25keywords = mycobacterium (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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