1/248. Isolation and characterization of a new human breast cancer cell line, KPL-4, expressing the Erb B family receptors and interleukin-6.A new human breast cancer cell line, KPL-4, was recently isolated from the malignant pleural effusion of a breast cancer patient with an inflammatory skin metastasis. This cell line can be cultured under serum-free conditions and is tumorigenic in female athymic nude mice. Flow cytometric analysis revealed the expression of Erb B-1, -2 and -3. Dot blot hybridization showed a 15-fold amplification of the erb B-2. reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed a detectable level of mRNA expression of all the Erb B family receptors. In addition, all the receptors were autophosphorylated under a serum-supplemented condition. Unexpectedly, transplanted KPL-4 tumours induced cachexia of recipient mice. A high concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was detected in both the culture medium and the serum of mice. The weight of tumours significantly correlated with the serum IL-6 level. The antiproliferative effect of a humanized anti-Erb B-2 monoclonal antibody, rhuMAbHER2, was investigated. This antibody significantly inhibited the growth of KPL-4 cells in vitro but modestly in vivo. Loss of mouse body weight was partly reversed by rhuMAbHER2. These findings suggest that KPL-4 cells may be useful in the development of new strategies against breast cancer overexpressing the Erb B family receptors and against IL-6-induced cachexia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = breast (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/248. Molecular assessment of clonality leads to the identification of a new germ line TP53 mutation associated with malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes and soft tissue sarcoma.Cystosarcoma phyllodes (CSP) is a rare breast neoplasm composed of stromal and epithelial elements. It usually runs a benign course but it may metastasize. In a 31-year-old patient with recurring CSP, a mesenchymal tumor in the leg developed. The question arose whether the latter tumor could be a metastasis from the CSP, which would have major treatment consequences. The problem was addressed using molecular methods, i.e., comparison of the pattern of polymorphic repeat markers on chromosome 17p as well as single strand conformation polymorphism analysis and sequencing of exons 5 to 8 of the TP53 gene in both tumor and normal tissue. An identical pattern of loss of heterozygosity in both breast tumors was demonstrated, but a different pattern was shown in the tumor in the leg. This led to the conclusion that the latter tumor had to be a new primary tumor. A mutation in codon 162 of the TP53 gene was found in the tumor tissue as well as in the normal tissue of this patient. This germ line mutation leads to the replacement of isoleucine by asparagine and most likely has functional consequences. In all four examined tumors of this patient, the normal TP53 allele was lost. This is strong evidence that this germ line TP53 mutation causes the genesis of these two rare primary mesenchymal tumors in this young patient. The current study exemplifies the power of molecular diagnostic methods in investigating the specific clinical problem of clonal relation between two separate tumors. The germ line mutation found in codon 162 of the TP53 gene and the association with cystosarcoma phyllodes have not been described previously.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.28571428571429keywords = breast (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/248. methotrexate pneumonitis induced by intrathecal methotrexate therapy: a case report with pharmacokinetic data.A patient with adenocarcinoma of the breast metastatic to the leptomeninges was treated with 10 doses of intrathecal methotrexate (MTX) administered at intervals of 2 days. Following these treatments she developed fever, hypoxemia, and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates without documented pulmonary infection. autopsy findings were consistent with the pneumonitis that has been associated with intermittent oral, intramuscular, and intravenous MTX therapy. It is suggested that this patient's pulmonary process represented MTX pneumonitis following intrathecal MTX. cerebrospinal fluid and serum MTX concentrations determined retrospectively on frozen samples reflect an atypically rapid transport of MTX from this patient's cerebrospinal fluid to a slowly decaying systemic pool. Because of this, serum MTX levels probably exceeded 10-8M during the entire 20-day course of therapy, thus exposing the pulmonary parenchyma to significant drug concentrations for a prolonged interval. It is suggested that these unfavorable pharmacokinetics may have contributed to this patient's susceptibility to MTX pneumonitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.14285714285714keywords = breast (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/248. Immunoreactivity of prostate-specific antigen in male breast carcinomas: two examples of a diagnostic pitfall in discriminating a primary breast cancer from metastatic prostate carcinoma.Prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) is regarded as a specific marker secreted by normal and neoplastic acinar epithelial cells of the prostate gland; its detection by immunocytochemistry has been accepted as an indication of metastatic prostate cancer. This is ascribed to the commonly held belief that PSA is not found in extraprostatic tissues. However, this concept has recently been challenged, based on the observations that certain nonprostatic tissues and their neoplasms can also secrete PSA. Such a questionable belief could result in a diagnostic pitfall when using immunostaining for PSA on fine-needle aspiration (FNAC) cytology samples to differentiate metastatic prostate cancer from a primary carcinoma of an extraprostatic organ. In this communication, two cases of primary carcinomas of the male breast are reported in which PSA immunopositivity on FNAC led to the suggestion of a diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1999;21:167-169.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2857142857143keywords = breast (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/248. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of hemangiopericytoma: A report of five cases.BACKGROUND: hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is a relatively rare neoplasm, accounting for approximately 2.5% of all soft tissue tumors. Its histopathology has been well documented but to the authors' knowledge reports regarding its fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology rarely are encountered. In the current study the authors report the cytologic findings in FNA specimens from nine confirmed cases of HPC and attempt to correlate the cytologic features with the biologic outcomes. methods: FNA was performed with or without radiologic guidance. Corresponding sections of tissue were reviewed in conjunction with the cytologic preparations. RESULTS: Nine FNAs were performed in 5 patients (3 men and 2 women) with an age range of 38-77 years (mean, 56 years). Two lesions were primary soft tissue lesions arising in the lower extremities; seven were recurrent or metastatic lesions from bone (one lesion), kidney (one lesion), pelvic fossa (one lesion), lower extremities (two lesions), trunk (one lesion), and breast (one lesion). All aspirates were cellular and were comprised of single and tightly packed clusters of oval to spindle-shaped cells aggregated around branched capillaries. basement membrane material was observed in 6 cases (67%). The nuclei were uniform and oval, with finely granular chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli in all cases except one. No mitotic figures or areas of necrosis were identified. A correct diagnosis of HPC was made on one primary lesion and all recurrent or metastatic lesions. CONCLUSIONS: HPCs show a spindle cell pattern in cytologic preparations and must be distinguished from more common spindle cell lesions. The presence of branched capillaries and abundant basement membrane material supports a diagnosis of HPC. immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy performed on FNA samples may be helpful in the differential diagnosis. FNA is a useful and accurate tool with which to confirm recurrent or metastatic HPC; however, prediction of the biologic behavior of HPC based on cytologic features is not feasible. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) copyright 1999 american cancer society.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.14285714285714keywords = breast (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/248. Pancreatic cancer associated ascites-derived CTL recognize a nine-amino-acid peptide GP2 derived from HER2/neu.BACKGROUND: The proto-oncogene HER2/neu encodes a 185 kDa transmembrane protein with extensive homology to the epidermal growth factor receptor. It is overexpressed in several human cancers of epithelial origin, such as pancreatic cancer. Previously, we demonstrated that CTL derived from breast, ovarian, and non-small cell lung cancer recognized a peptide derived from HER2/neu. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether this HLA-A2-binding peptide is a TAA in pancreatic cancer and if pancreatic cancer associated t-lymphocytes (TAL) are useful to generate tumor- and peptide-specific CTL. MATERIALS AND methods: TAL from malignant ascites of a HLA-A2 pancreatic cancer patient whose tumor overexpressed HER2/neu were stimulated on solid-phase anti-CD3 and cultured in low-dose IL-2. Using repetitive autologous tumor cell stimulation, CTL were generated. RESULTS: CTL recognized autologous and allogeneic HER2/neu tumor cells in an HLA-A2 restricted fashion significantly. Furthermore, all CTL recognized p654-662 (GP2) derived from HER2/neu, but not the control peptide. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that this HER2/neu derived peptide is a TAA in pancreatic carcinoma. The identification of the HER2/neu derived peptide GP2 as a TAA in pancreatic cancer provides an opportunity for the design of novel immunotherapy and vaccine strategies. The possibility of generating peptide-specific CTL from malignant ascites enables future studies to identify more antigens in this disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.14285714285714keywords = breast (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/248. Carcinocythemia (carcinoma cell leukemia). An acute leukemia-like picture due to metastatic carcinoma cells.observation of a unique population of cells on a Wright-stained blood smear of a patient with metastatic breast carcinoma prompted a study to determine their origin. The primary carcinoma contained a marker, the presence of "signet cells." These were demonstrated in direct peripheral smears and buffy coat preparation of peripheral blood and confirmed histochemically by showing positive periodic acid-Schiff, alpha-napthol and beta-glucuronidase reactions. "Carcinocythemia" is suggested as a name for this unusual process observed over a six month period. Studies of the patient's immunocompetence, of circulating cell surface immunoglobulins and karyotype analysis were made. Postmortem examination revealed retroperitoneal fibrosis, splenic atrophy and extensive metastatic carcinoma but no evidence of leukemia. The cells will be contrasted to those seen in a second patient who appeared to have acute myelocytic leukemia complicating extensive cancer involving the bone marrow. The observations suggest that a leukemia-like blood picture due to circulating cancer cells may occur during the course of metastatic breast carcinoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.28571428571429keywords = breast (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/248. Metastatic chondrosarcoma to the maxilla: review of the literature and report of case.Metastatic tumors to the jaw are relatively uncommon. When they occur, the primary tumor is most likely to be an adenocarcinoma from the breast, lung, or kidney. Metastatic tumors most frequently involve the mandible rather than the maxilla. The route of metastasis is considered hematogenous, although spread via lymphatic channels or the vertebral venous plexus may occur. An unusual instance of primary chondrosarcoma of the scapula metastasizing to the maxilla and to various soft tissue sites from tumor emboli, probably arising from an extensive metastatic lesion of the left atrium of the heart, has been presented.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.14285714285714keywords = breast (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/248. Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast arising within complex sclerosing lesion: a report of five cases.AIMS: This study presents a series of five cases in which metaplastic carcinoma, predominantly low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma, of the breast is seen arising within a background of a complex sclerosing lesion. This association has been recognized previously but has not been documented in detail. This study describes the characteristics of the components present in each case and discusses the existing literature. This observation adds further evidence to support an association between some types of invasive breast carcinoma and sclerosing lesions of the breast. methods AND RESULTS: Four of these cases were received as referral cases for opinion. The fifth was received as part of the routine surgical workload within our own institution. Two patients presented following mammographic screening and three symptomatically; their mean age was 62 years (range 49-68). The mean lesion size was 16 mm (range 7-24). All five lesions showed features of a complex sclerosing lesion/radial scar in the form of central sclerosis with elastosis and radiating benign entrapped tubules. One had associated benign papillary structures and two had focal benign squamous metaplasia. Four cases showed coexisting but distinct areas of low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma with glandular and squamous epithelial differentiation in a spindle cell background. One case had associated undifferentiated spindle cell carcinoma. Detailed immunophenotypic characteristics of two cases are presented. CONCLUSIONS: This series illustrates a postulated but previously unconfirmed association between an unusual form of metaplastic breast carcinoma (adenosquamous carcinoma) and complex sclerosing lesions. The mechanisms of induction of breast carcinoma are poorly understood but these observations further emphasize the potential for sclerosing lesion of the breast to be associated with, and possibly give rise to, invasive carcinoma of different types. The precise nature of the interaction between the pathological processes remains unclear.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.4285714285714keywords = breast (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/248. Uterine metastasis from a heterologous metaplastic breast carcinoma simulating a primary uterine malignancy.OBJECTIVE: To describe the first distant metastasis of a heterologous metaplastic breast carcinoma in the uterus and discuss its differential diagnosis. methods: light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the tumor. RESULTS: A 58-year-old woman underwent mastectomy for metaplastic breast carcinoma confined to the breast. She presented 4 years later with vaginal bleeding. The endometrial curettage showed a poorly differentiated carcinoma. She underwent hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy as well as pelvic and periaortic lymphadenectomy. Clinical and intraoperative findings favored a primary uterine malignancy. The uterus was markedly distorted with multiple gray-white, solid subserosal, and intramural tumor nodules. The tumor diffusely infiltrated the endometrium sparing benign endometrial glands. The tumor nodules were distributed full thickness of the myometrium. These nodules were composed of high-grade malignant epithelial cells with areas of chondroid metaplasia. Extrauterine microscopic tumor was present in left ovary, pelvic, and periaortic lymph nodes. The histologic features and estrogen/progesterone receptors (ER/PR) as well as dna ploidy analysis of the uterine tumor showed striking similarity with those of the primary metaplastic breast carcinoma. A diagnosis of metastatic metaplastic breast carcinoma in the uterus was rendered. CONCLUSION: A metastatic heterologous metaplastic breast carcinoma with cartilaginous metaplasia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of heterologous uterine malignant mixed mesodermal tumor (MMMT) and high-grade endometrioid carcinoma with rare foci of cartilage.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.4285714285714keywords = breast (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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