1/183. Primary perireticulin amyloidosis in a 14-year-old girl.A primary perireticulin amyloidosis is reported in a 14-year-old girl, which showed the symptoms of a steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. The diagnosis was established by biopsies of kidney and rectum. Occurrence of amyloidosis in childhood and the clinical picture are discussed and references to clinical trials carried out are given.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = kidney (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/183. Possible induction of renal dysfunction in patients with lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency by oxidized phosphatidylcholine in glomeruli.To clarify the causes of renal dysfunction in familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency, kidney samples from 4 patients with LCAT deficiency (3 homozygotes and 1 heterozygote) were examined immunohistochemically. All of the patients exhibited corneal opacities, anemia, renal dysfunction, deficiencies in plasma high density lipoprotein and LCAT activity and mass, and an increase in the ratio of plasma unesterified cholesterol to esterified cholesterol. Renal lesions began with the deposition of lipidlike structures in the glomerular basement membrane, and these structures accumulated in the mesangium and capillary subendothelium. By electron microscopy, 2 types of distinctive structure were found in glomerular lesions: vacuole structures and cross-striated, membranelike structures. The plasma oxidized phosphatidylcholine (oxPC) -modified low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in LCAT-deficient subjects were significantly (P<0.01) higher than those in controls (1.30 /-0.82 versus 0.42 /-0.32 ng/5 microg LDL, respectively), and a significant (P<0.01) difference was observed even after adjustment for confounding factors by an analysis of covariance. The patient with the highest plasma oxPC-modified LDL had the most membranelike structures in the glomeruli and showed the greatest renal deterioration from a young age. In glomerular lesions, although there was an abundance of apoB and apoE, oil red O-positive lipids, macrophages, apoA1, and malondialdehyde were scarce. OxPC was found extracellularly in glomerular lesions, and although its distribution differed from that of apolipoproteins, it was quite similar to that of phospholipids. In conclusion, these results indicate that oxPC in plasma and glomeruli is distinctive for patients with LCAT deficiency. Therefore, oxPC may be a factor in the deterioration of kidneys in patients with familial LCAT deficiency.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = kidney (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/183. recurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with Kimura's disease after kidney transplantation.A 13-year-old Brazilian boy with Kimura's disease (eosinophylic lymphoid granuloma) and nephrotic syndrome is reported. Native kidney biopsy showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Treatment with prednisolone resulted in partial remission of proteinuria, and he had a progressive loss in renal function, requiring initiation of chronic dialysis, which he underwent for 46 months. After kidney transplantation, the patient developed proteinuria. A renal biopsy showed recurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and subsequently he developed renal insufficiency.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = kidney (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/183. nephrotic syndrome with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis induced by multiple wasp stings.We report the case of a young male who developed severe nephrotic syndrome within 2-3 weeks after being stung by 3 wasps. A percutaneous kidney biopsy specimen revealed mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with occasional subepithelial deposits suggestive of early membranous nephropathy. The patient was treated with oral prednisone 60 mg/day with no significant clinical response after 4 weeks, at which point he was started on oral cyclophosphamide, 100 mg/day, while the prednisone dose was tapered to 20 mg every other day over a 2-week period. Six months after initiation of cyclophosphamide, he still has severe nephrotic syndrome. We also briefly review the literature on hymenoptera sting associated nephrotic syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = kidney (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/183. Heavy chain deposition disease: the disease spectrum.A 45-year-old white woman was found to have microscopic hematuria during her annual physical examination. After a negative urologic workup, she returned 5 months later with nephrotic syndrome, renal insufficiency, and hypocomplementemia. Renal biopsy showed a nodular sclerosing glomerulopathy that could not be further characterized because of inadequate tissue for immunofluorescence. The patient returned 8 months later with chronic renal failure. A repeat renal biopsy showed deposits composed of immunoglobulin g (IgG) heavy chain and complement components C3 and C1 along glomerular, tubular, and vascular basement membranes, with negativity for kappa and lambda light chains, findings consistent with heavy chain deposition disease (HCDD). The heavy chain subclass was exclusively IgG3. Staining with monoclonal antibodies to epitopes of the constant domains of IgG heavy chain showed a CH1 deletion, indicating a truncated heavy chain. On review of the previously reported cases of HCDD, common clinical presentations include nephrotic syndrome, renal insufficiency, hematuria, and, in some cases, hypocomplementemia. In most patients, the hematologic disorder is mild, without overt myeloma. light microscopy shows a nodular sclerosing glomerulopathy, and heavy chain deposits are detectable within basement membranes throughout the kidney by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. There is no effective treatment for this condition, and virtually all patients progress to chronic renal failure.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = kidney (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/183. foscarnet-induced crystalline glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome and acute renal failure after kidney transplantation.foscarnet nephrotoxicity has been reported to be associated with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. Crystals in glomerular capillary lumens have also been observed in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who were treated with foscarnet for cytomegalovirus disease. We describe a kidney transplant recipient who developed a nephrotic syndrome with microscopic hematuria and nonoliguric acute renal failure within 15 days after starting foscarnet therapy for cytomegalovirus infection. A kidney biopsy specimen showed the presence of crystals in all glomeruli and in proximal tubules. Fourier transform infrared microscopy analysis demonstrated that crystals were made from several forms of foscarnet salts: mixed calcium and sodium salts, and unchanged trisodium foscarnet salts. Renal function and proteinuria spontaneously improved, and a second transplant biopsy performed 8 months after the first one revealed fibrotic organization of half of the glomeruli and of interstitial tissue, and crystal vanishing. We were thus able to provide proof of the possible precipitation of foscarnet in a transplanted kidney.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = kidney (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/183. A patient with multiple myeloma, amyloidosis and light-chain deposition disease in kidneys with a long survival.We report a case of a 39-year-old man with lambda-light-chain multiple myeloma, nephrotic syndrome due to lambda-light-chain deposition disease in kidneys and amyloidosis in other tissues. The patient was treated with melphalan and prednisone for 1 year. After that, he was administered interferon-alpha2b (IFN-alpha2b; 3 MU, 3 times a week) as maintenance therapy for 2 years. At present, 5 years and 6 months after the initial diagnosis, the patient receives IFN-alpha2b (3 MU, twice a week) and remains in complete haematological remission.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = kidney (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/183. Primary antiphospholipid syndrome presented by total infarction of right kidney with nephrotic syndrome.We report the case of a young woman with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), which presented with acute renal failure, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia and nephrotic proteinuria. Investigations showed total infarction of right kidney by extensive arterial and vein thrombosis and presence of anticardiolipin antibodies IgG isotype (anti-beta2-glycoprotein I-positive). She was submitted to right nefrectomy and initiated anticoagulant therapy. After nefrectomy, the postoperative period was marked by the development of arterial hypertension and persistence of nephrotic syndrome. hypertension was treated with antihypertensive drugs (IECA, beta-blocker and calcium antagonist). As the nephrotic syndrome persisted despite anticoagulant and antihypertensive therapy, the patient was treated with oral corticosteroids. Her renal function improved, hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia corrected to normal values and proteinuria decreased to subnephrotic value. We discuss the unusual presentation of this case of primary antiphospholipid syndrome with total unilateral renal thrombosis and nephrotic syndrome that respond to anticoagulant, antihypertensive and corticosteroid therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = kidney (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/183. nephrotic syndrome and end-stage renal disease with WT1 mutation detected at 3 years.We report a boy who presented at 3 years with nephrotic syndrome and end-stage renal failure. Although histopathological findings showed end-stage kidney, isolated diffuse mesangial sclerosis (IDMS) was suspected because of his clinical course, and was confirmed by the presence of WT1 (wilms tumor suppressor gene) mutation. He did not have ambiguous genitalia or wilms tumor. The karyotype was 46:XY. A constitutional mutation in exon 7 (953G-->A, 312Arg-->Gin) was detected. A few cases of male IDMS, associated with WT1 mutations, have been reported. We believe that investigation for the WT1 mutation should be performed not only in denys-drash syndrome and IDMS, but also in end-stage renal disease with unexplained nephrotic syndrome of early onset. WT1 mutation-associated nephrotic syndrome has an increased risk of wilms tumor. Careful ultrasound evaluations or bilateral nephrectomies are indicated.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = kidney (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/183. Systemic AL amyloidosis in gaucher disease. A case report and review of the literature.Chronic gaucher disease [GD] in association with systemic AL amyloidosis is extremely rare. We describe a 46-year-old Greek male with chronic GD confirmed by low glucocerebroside activity in fibroblasts and N370S/L444P mutations at the cerebrosidase gene, who also had systemic AL amyloidosis diagnosed by bone marrow diffuse plasmacytosis, serum monoclonal IgA-lambda, severe total proteinuria with monoclonal IgA-lambda, Bence-Jones-lambda and amyloid deposits in bone marrow, liver, spleen and kidney biopsy specimens. Treatment with melphalan and prednizolon has dramatically decreased both levels of serum M-IgA and proteinuria and also improved the clinical symptoms of amyloidosis. He died from restrictive cardiac disease 30 months after the diagnosis of amyloidosis. Previously reported cases of GD in association with AL amyloidosis are reviewed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = kidney (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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