1/33. Subphrenic bronchopulmonary foregut malformation with pulmonary-sequestration-like features.A retroperitoneal bronchopulmonary foregut malformation in a 62-year-old man is reported. The lesion was composed of mature lung tissue with randomly distributed bronchial structures and ciliated epithelium-lined cysts, some of which were lined with gastric mucosa. The histological features of this lesion were of both pulmonary sequestration and a bronchogenic, or foregut, cyst, and thus were a unique example of bronchopulmonary foregut malformation with pulmonary differentiation. This case is important in understanding the pathogenesis of foregut anomalies (i.e. bronchopulmonary foregut malformations), which range from pulmonary sequestrations to bronchogenic cysts and foregut duplication cysts.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = cyst (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/33. Lateral cervical cyst with unsuspected metastasis from an occult tonsillar carcinoma.Lateral cervical cysts containing squamous cell carcinoma is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the clinician since they usually represent a cystic metastasis from an occult carcinoma. Various imaging modalities or even blind biopsies will help identify the primary tumour. If the primary tumour is identified, an appropriate treatment decision can be made that incorporates both the primary tumour and the cervical node. If the primary remains unidentified, the neck is treated with a modified or radical neck dissection, depending on the extent of metastatic disease, and radiation therapy is administered to Waldeyer's ring and both necks. We present in this paper, a case with a large cervical cyst where histology showed the presence of a poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma in the wall of the cyst. A diagnostic evaluation of the patient was negative. Blind biopsies of the right tonsil revealed occult squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was treated by combined chemo/radiotherapy and she is doing well nine months following excision of the mass. The relevant literature is briefly reviewed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = cyst (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/33. The triad of nesidioblastosis, congenital neuroblastoma and glomerulocystic disease of the newborn: a case report.neuroblastoma is the most common malignant tumor of the newborn, comprising 20% of all malignancies encountered during the neonatal period. We herein report a newborn who was born after 29 weeks' gestation and died unexpectedly at the 12th hour of life with no response to vigorous cardiopulmonary resuscitation. autopsy findings revealed a right pararenal mass; microscopic examination showed neuroblastoma. Although the pancreas was grossly normal, its microscopic sections revealed a reduced number of islets of langerhans and dispersion of the islet cells throughout the exocrine cells of the pancreas, and immunocytochemistry for the pancreatic hormones confirmed the dispersion of the islet cells. Final pathologic interpretation thus concluded the presence of nesidioblastosis. Furthermore, microscopic examination of the kidney showed glomerulocystic disease. Although the association of congenital neuroblastoma and nesidioblastosis has recently been defined as a new complex, neurocristopathy, the triad of congenital neuroblastoma, nesidioblastosis and glomerulocystic disease of the newborn has not been reported previously. To our knowledge, our case is the first reported newborn presenting with this triad. In conclusion, the association of nesidioblastosis and/or renal glomerulocystic disease should be kept in mind when encountering a case of congenital neuroblastoma. However, whether the presence of glomerulocystic disease in association with those other neurocristopathic pathologies is a coincidental finding or shares a common pathophysiological mechanism remains to be determined.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = cyst (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/33. Multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block associated with metastatic lymphoma of the nervous system.Peripheral neuropathies occur in 5% of patients with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and represent the effects of therapy, direct compression or nerve infiltration by tumor, or paraneoplastic effects. Multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block (MMNCB) is a rare demyelinating disorder of unknown etiology characterized by progressive, distal, asymmetric weakness mostly of the upper limbs with minimal or no sensory loss. We report a patient, who developed MMNCB at the time of isolated CNS relapse from a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Marked neurological improvement was achieved using intravenous immunoglobulin treatment. To our knowledge, MMNCB has thus far not been described as part of the spectrum of lymphoma-related peripheral neuropathies.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 46.878341668012keywords = nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/33. Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ampulla of vater. A case of absence of somatostatin in a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, bombesin-, and cholecystokinin-producing tumor.A 31-year-old patient with a clinical picture of obstructive jaundice had surgical treatment, and a primary carcinoid of the ampulla of vater (VA) was found. The tumor was studied with light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. The neoplasm had histopathologic and cytopathologic features similar to those encountered in typical neuroendocrine neoplasms. It is interesting that immunohistochemical techniques disclosed the presence of vasointestinal polypeptide, cholecystokinin, and bombesin; however, unlike most neuroendocrine neoplasms arising in VA, no somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were found.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.25keywords = cyst (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/33. Multifocal pancreatic serous cystadenoma with atypical cells and focal perineural invasion.A case of multifocal pancreatic serous cystadenoma with atypical cells is reported. The patient was a 72-yr-old female who complained of jaundice. The distal common bile duct was obstructed, and the proximal bile duct was remarkably dilated on cholangiography. The main portal vein was obstructed and collateral vessels had developed on portal angiography. Total pancreatectomy was performed. The resected specimen contained one tumor in the head of the pancreas, five in the body, and one in the tail. The tumors of the head and body were morphologically the same. Microscopically, both contained spongelike multilocular cysts on their cut surfaces. These cysts were covered with low cuboid epithelium containing clear cytoplasm and abundant glycogen. Neural invasion was also found. The tumor cells exhibited an increased N/C ratio, variable nuclear size, irregular nuclear margins, and coarse nuclear chromatin. These tumors had aneuploid nuclear dna with a dna index of 1.9 and a proliferation index of 0.28. We feel that it is necessary to reconsider the biological concept of serous cystadenoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = cyst (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/33. Glioneurofibroma: renaming the pediatric "gliofibroma": a neoplasm composed of schwann cells and astrocytes.Three children had central nervous system tumors with histologic and ultrastructural features corresponding to those of tumors previously described as "gliofibromas." These features, which include a composite appearance with glial and mesenchymal elements, with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-containing and GFAP-immunonegative cells, diffuse S-100 immunoreactivity, and basal lamina wrapping processes of both cell types, suggest that the "mesenchymal" cells are schwann cells, not fibroblasts. We therefore propose to rename this entity "glioneurofibroma." The clinical behavior of these lesions is uncertain but is more often indolent or benign.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 15.61247133658keywords = nervous system, central nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/33. central nervous system lymphoma in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas were studied in fifteen autopsied patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Using the working formulation for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, the tumors were classified as large cell (7 patients), mixed large and small cell (6 patients), small cleaved cell (1 patient), and unclassifiable (1 patient). The mixed lymphomas displayed unusual features characterized by a high mitotic rate and the presence of numerous medium-sized cells (5 to 10 mus), not classifiable using the working formulation. Focal T cell and lymphoplasmacytoid B cell infiltrates accompanied lymphoma cells at the periphery of and remote from solid tumor masses in 9 cases. Immunohistochemical analysis of the lymphomas suggested B cell neoplasms. All of these patients had concurrent CNS and systemic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. The CNS infections were of both viral (CMV, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), varicella zoster virus (VZV), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and non-viral (toxoplasmosis, candidiasis) etiology. In the general AIDS population at our institution, the autopsy incidence of CNS infections and systemic CMV was 63% and 60%, respectively. In contrast, the incidence for both these entities was 0% in otherwise healthy, non-AIDS patients with CNS lymphoma supports the hypothesis that viral infection plays a role in the pathogenesis of CNS lymphoma in the immunocompromised. Polyclonal lymphoplasmacytoid B and T cell infiltrates accompanying lymphoma may produce diagnostic difficulties on surgical biopsy. As these infiltrates were a frequent feature in this study, we caution that their recognition does not argue against the presence of CNS lymphoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 62.490813004593keywords = nervous system, central nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/33. Anti-neuronal antibodies in paraneoplastic neurological disorders with small-cell lung carcinoma.Auto-antibodies of the neuronal anti-nuclear antibody (anti-Hu) type were found in serum of three patients suspected of a paraneoplastic syndrome of the central nervous system. In all three a small cell carcinoma of the lung was detected. The sera showed bright staining of neuronal nuclei sparing the nucleolus. In two patients the antibody was of the IgG class (titers 1:1600 and 1:4000). In one patient only an IgM class antibody was present (titer 1:1000). The presence of the anti-Hu antibody strongly supports a diagnosis of a paraneoplastic neurological syndrome associated with small cell carcinoma of the lung.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 11.719585417003keywords = nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/33. Myxomatous cyst of the brachial plexus. Case report.The case of a myxomatous cyst of the brachial plexus is presented. The clinical course is reported, and the frequency of the lesion, diagnostic workup, histopathology, and surgical therapy are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.25keywords = cyst (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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