Cases reported "Neuroaspergillosis"

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1/43. Intracerebral hemorrhage due to nosocomial aspergillosis following neurosurgery.

    A unique case of nosocomial aspergillosis following neurosurgery in a 10 year old girl was documented. She presented with intracerebral hemorrhage after three weeks of operation for evacuation of craniopharyngioma. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of intracerebral hemorrhage due to nosocomial aspergillosis following neurosurgery. ( info)

2/43. Aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephalus in an infant due to aspergillus infection.

    Aqueductal stenosis is a common cause of hydrocephalus during infancy. We report on an infant born with aplasia cutis congenita at the scalp vertex and hypoplastic left heart syndrome developing systemic aspergillosis after cardiac surgery. The infant died at the age of 76 days despite systemic antimycotic therapy with a combination of flucytosine and amphotericin b. Therapy started at post-operative day 17 and was also applied intrathecally. Post-mortem examination revealed meningitis, multiple brain aspergillomas and microabscesses with focal ependymitis, focal bronchopneumonia, and necrotizing enterocolitis. One of the brain aspergillomas was located close to the aqueduct causing an aqueductal stenosis and an obstructive hydrocephalus. Histologically, aspergillus hyphae could only be detected in the aspergilloma of the aqueduct. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an aqueductal stenosis caused by an aspergilloma. ( info)

3/43. optic nerve aspergillosis: report of a case diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

    The aim of this study was to describe the fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) procedure in patient with a optic nerve lesion. A case of optic nerve and brain aspergillosis, an infrequent condition that can mimic tumor or tumor-like lesions, is reported. The patient was studied by CT and MRI and definite diagnosis was established by means of an ultrasound-guided FNAB. Specimen preparation revealed the presence of multiple hyphae of aspergillus fumigatus in the optic nerve lesion. The FNAB procedure is a safe and reliable diagnostic method for suspected intraorbitary tumors and tumor-like conditions especially when other less-invasive modalities have failed to establish the diagnosis and when cytologic confirmation is needed to implement aggressive therapy. ( info)

4/43. Antigen detection in the diagnosis and management of a patient with probable cerebral aspergillosis treated with voriconazole.

    This report describes the diagnosis and management of a 16-year-old boy who developed neurological signs and symptoms suggestive of cerebral aspergillosis following a haploidentical bone marrow transplant. A new sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of Aspergillus galactomannan circulating antigens (Platelia Aspergillus, Sanofi Diagnostic Pasteur, france) was used on serum and cerebrospinal fluid to obtain a presumptive diagnosis and to monitor the course of the disease. Having failed conventional therapy with amphotericin b, the patient received compassionate treatment with voriconazole for a period of 37 days. High levels of voriconazole were observed in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with a trend toward accumulation. After 7 days a marked improvement in the patient's neurological symptoms was noted, and ELISA data indicated a corresponding decrease in Aspergillus galactomannan levels in both serum and CSF. Voriconazole was well tolerated, with only transient increases in ALT/AST recorded during therapy. Although the patient survived the acute Aspergillus infection, he subsequently died of an unrelated infection. ( info)

5/43. Aspergillus parasellar abscess mimicking radiation-induced neuropathy. Case report.

    BACKGROUND: Transsphenoidal surgery is a safe procedure for treatment of pituitary adenomas. However, several complications, including post-surgical infection, are known. We describe a case of Aspergillus parasellar abscess that presented with cranial neuropathies following transsphenoidal surgery and radiosurgery. We initially diagnosed the case as radiation-induced neuropathies, which delayed the detection of Aspergillus. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 55-year-old man underwent transsphenoidal surgery for a pituitary adenoma that presented with pituitary apoplexy. dexamethasone had been continuously administered for hypocortisolism probably caused by pituitary apoplexy. Four years later, radiosurgery was performed for a relapse in the right cavernous sinus. Another 4 years later, he developed painful right ophthalmoplegia, right ptosis, and bilateral visual impairment, successively. We initially suspected that the painful ophthalmoplegia and ptosis were because of radiation-induced cranial neuropathies; however, results of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and his clinical course were not consistent with those of radiation-induced neuropathies. Therefore, we performed exploratory surgery that revealed a subdural abscess on the planum sphenoidale. culture of a specimen grew aspergillus fumigatus. CONCLUSION: Intracranial fungal abscess is a fatal complication unless it is treated early. It is thus important to consider the possibility of parasellar infection and differentiate it from radiation-induced cranial neuropathies when a patient presents with cranial neuropathies after transsphenoidal surgery and radiosurgery. ( info)

6/43. Successful treatment of invasive mould infection affecting lung and brain in an adult suffering from acute leukaemia.

    We describe in detail a 67-yr-old woman who was treated with a cytostatic combination chemotherapy for newly diagnosed common-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. At the end of induction therapy, the patient acquired invasive mould infection affecting lung and brain. The patient entered complete remission of her leukaemia. Treatment with liposomal amphotericin b was initiated along with surgical excision of the fungal brain abscess. Intrathecal instillation of amphotericin b deoxycholate was started using an Ommaya reservoir because of an anatomical connection between the postoperative cavity and the ventricle. Full dose cytostatic chemotherapy was continued with little delay. A computerised tomography scan of the chest performed 2 months later revealed no fungal abscesses. magnetic resonance imaging of the brain did not reveal any fungal manifestation. During maintenance therapy/week 69, the patient relapsed from leukaemia. High doses of intravenous liposomal amphotericin b were administered prophylactically. The patient's leukaemia proved refractory to reinduction chemotherapy and the patient died from pneumonia 8 wk later. Post mortem microbiological investigation and histopathological examination of lung and brain tissue did not reveal any macroscopical or microscopical fungal manifestations. This case underlines the feasibility and successful application of combined antileukaemic, antifungal and surgical therapy in a patient with acute leukaemia. ( info)

7/43. Cerebral and spinal cord involvement resulting from invasive aspergillosis.

    Although central nervous system involvement in disseminated aspergillosis is known to occur in immunocompromised patients, particularly after bone marrow transplantation, localized involvement of the spinal cord is exceedingly rare. In this report we present and illustrate detailed imaging findings of central nervous system invasion by aspergillus fumigatus in a 30-year-old woman, with emphasis on the spinal cord involvement. ( info)

8/43. Fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage, with brainstem and cerebellar infarction, caused by Aspergillus infection after cerebral aneurysm surgery: case report.

    OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Intracranial aspergillosis has been reported to cause subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) attributable to ruptured mycotic aneurysms. We describe a case of Aspergillus arteritis that caused SAH without aneurysm formation, followed by successive brainstem and cerebellar infarction. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 50-year-old woman experienced a sudden onset of headache. Computed tomography demonstrated SAH. After angiography revealed an aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery, a complete neck-clipping operation was performed, without neurological deterioration. However, the patient experienced another episode of SAH on the 26th postoperative day. INTERVENTION: We repeated the craniotomy and confirmed that the clip was still intact. A second angiographic evaluation did not reveal an aneurysm or any other cause of hemorrhage. On the 30th postoperative day, magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated cerebellar infarction in the territory of the anteroinferior cerebellar artery. The patient died on the 40th postoperative day, after another episode of SAH and progressive cerebellar and brainstem infarction. The postmortem examination revealed destruction of the basilar artery and occlusion of the basilar and vertebral arteries attributable to Aspergillus arteritis. CONCLUSION: When a patient presents with SAH of unknown origin followed by cerebral infarction, Aspergillus arteritis should be included in the differential diagnosis. Earlier recognition of this fungal infection improves the prognosis. ( info)

9/43. Mycotic infections of brain.

    Six cases of mycotic infectation of the brain are presented. All the patients were in the age group ranging from 18 years to 38 years. the duration of clinical symptoms varied from 6 days to 7 months. Computerized tomographic visualization of brain revealed a mass lesion in all. Operative findings were suggestive of tumour in 3 cases. All the patients were non-immunocompromised. There was history of previous ear infection and sinusitis in one case. Histopathological examination of biopsy tissue showed dichotomously branching septate fungal hyphae highlighted by special stains like methanamin silver and PAS in all cases. ( info)

10/43. Brainstem auditory evoked response in adolescents with acoustic mycotic neuroma due to environmental exposure to toxic molds.

    Indoor air contamination with toxic opportunistic molds is an emerging health risk worldwide. Some of the opportunistic molds include: stachybotrys chartarum, Aspergillus species (A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, A. versicolor etc.), Cadosporium, alternaria, penicillium, trichoderma, fusarium graminearum etc. These molds flourish in homes that are moist and damp. Reports of floods are now evident in many parts of the world. With these global changes in climatic conditions that favor the opportunistic mode of living among these molds, some health authorities are beginning to feel concerned about the diversity and the extent to which opportunistic molds can cause adverse health effects in humans. mycotoxicosis is the collective name for all the diseases caused by toxic molds. Frequently, we have cases of acoustic neuroma due to mycotoxicity in our Center. Mycotic neuroma probably has not been reported before and the application of brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) techniques in acoustic mycotic neuroma have not been reported either. The aim of this study, therefore, was to report cases and measurements of acoustic mycotic neuroma in adolescents using the brainstem auditory evoked response. The patients' case history, clinical neurological and neurobehavioral questionnaires were assessed. Then, the BAERs were recorded between Cz and Ai, with a second channel, Cz-Ac. The case histories and the questionnaires were analyzed in conjunction with the outcome of the objective brainstem auditory evoked response measurements. The prevalent subjective findings in the patients were headaches, memory loss, hearing loss, lack of concentration, fatigue, sleep disturbance, facial swelling, rashes, nosebleeds, diarrhea, abdominal pains and respiratory difficulties. Objective BAER showed overall abnormalities in all the patients. Although the waveform abnormalities varied, 1-3 interpeak latencies were abnormal in all the patients. overall results showed the presence of acoustic mycotic neuroma and confirmed the sensitivity and usefulness of BAER in screening acoustic mycotic neuroma and sensorineural auditory dysfunction. ( info)
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