1/22. Subcutaneous cysticercosis involving the eyelid: sonographic diagnosis.A 25-year-old man and a 14-year-old boy presented with neurocutaneous cysticercosis involving the eyelid. Both patients had hundreds of scattered subcutaneous cysticerci. They were arranged in clusters over the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the neck. Such clustering of cysticerci is highly suggestive of central nervous system (CNS) involvement, as both the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the CNS are supplied by the carotid artery and cysticerci travel via the hematogenous route. We used ultrasonography to diagnose subcutaneous cysticercosis, which showed characteristic low reflective cysts and high reflective scolices inside. Although subcutaneous cysticerci are inconsequential, their verification is important in the diagnosis of more severe CNS involvement. They may be confused with other painless swellings such as lymphadenopathies, neurofibromas, and epidermoid cysts.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/22. neurocysticercosis in pregnancy: a case initially diagnosed as eclampsia.BACKGROUND: neurocysticercosis is an infection of the central nervous system with the pork tapeworm's cysticercus. CASE: A 21-year-old Hispanic primigravida presented at 33 weeks' gestation with acute onset of mental status changes preceded by headaches and emesis. She was transferred comatose to our institution with a diagnosis of postictal state secondary to eclampsia. Upon arrival, the patient developed anisocoria, papilledema, posturing, and hypertension. neuroimaging showed an intraventricular cyst. The patient was treated with ventriculostomy, induction of labor, postdelivery shunting, albendazole, and prednisone. CONCLUSION: neurocysticercosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pregnant patients with coma and/or seizures, especially if the patient has emigrated from or traveled to an endemic area. albendazole, with shunt procedure, is the treatment of choice for intraventricular neurocysticercosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/22. neurocysticercosis. Case report.In the present review we report a case of a 53-year-old woman affected with a cyst solitary cerebral hemispheric lesion causing acute generalized seizure. Clinical and neuroradiologic diagnosis of cystic astrocytoma was performed and the patient was operated. Microscopic analysis of the surgical specimen led to a diagnosis of parasitic infection, consistent with neurocysticercosis (NCC). NCC is the most frequent parasitosis of the central nervous system (CNS) in the world. The infective agent is taenia solium larvae. It is endemic in latin america, africa and some Asiatic countries, such as india. In europe, many cases have been reported in portugal, spain, poland and romania. In italy NCC is a rare disease. In recent years no cases have been described, but with high rate of immigration from endemic areas (africa and East europe) this parasitosis will be found in our country too, particularly affecting communities where hygienic conditions are poor. In conclusion we briefly analyze the relationship between pathogenesis of this parasitosis and its clinical symptoms.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/22. neurocysticercosis.neurocysticercosis results when the ingested eggs of the pork tapeworm, taenia solium, hatch into larval forms that penetrate the gut wall, disseminate hematogenously, and then encyst in the brain. The subsequent symptoms and associated morbidity are variable. Worldwide, cysticercosis is the most common parasitic disease affecting the central nervous system, but it is not a common autopsy finding in the united states. neurocysticercosis may be an incidental finding, a contributing cause of death, or the underlying cause of death. It is also important for the forensic pathologist to be aware of the possibility of neurocysticercosis in the autopsy population for purposes of epidemiology studies and infection control. The authors use cases of neurocysticercosis found at autopsy at their institution to give examples of each scenario and to review the clinical and pathologic features of this parasitic disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/22. CSF-VP shunt placement and albendazole therapy for cerebral cysticercosis.Cerebral cysticercosis is the most common worldwide parasitic infection of the central nervous system. Intraventricular involvement is apparent in 15% to 28.8% of cases with neural compartment infestation.' Although different forms of the disease (parenchymatous, subarachnoid, and mixed form ) have been treated successfully with chemotherapy, direct surgical excision of simple cystic lesions appears to be an adequate primary therapeutic strategy in the majority of intraventricular forms. In recent years, however, some authors have advocated the use of anthelmintic treatment in all cases of intraventricular cysts so that surgical procedures of the posterior fossa and their potential complications can be avoided. The strict definition for managing the spectrum of intraventricular infestation remains controversial. We present our experience in the treatment of a patient with primary isolated intraventricular cysticercosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/22. magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of subretinal cysticercosis.PURPOSE: To report a case of ocular cysticercosis and associated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. DESIGN: Interventional case report. methods: A 56-year-old woman from ecuador presented with decreased vision and an exudative retinal detachment in the left eye. Subretinal cysticercosis was suspected. RESULTS: In the left eye, a subretinal cyst evident on fundus examination was investigated with B-scan ultrasonography. ultrasonography showed a cystic structure, and MRI of the orbit confirmed the suspicion for cysticercosis. magnetic resonance imaging of the brain also revealed a small parenchymal lesion in the left occipital lobe of the brain. CONCLUSIONS: magnetic resonance imaging is a useful adjunct to B-scan ultrasonography in the diagnosis of ocular cysticercosis. magnetic resonance imaging is superior to computed tomography in the demonstration of cystic structures in the eye and central nervous system. This finding has important therapeutic implications, as any viable cysticercus in the eye or cerebral parenchyma can be treated surgically or medically, respectively.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/22. Endoscopic approach to fourth ventricle cysticercosis.neurocysticercosis is the most frequently observed parasitosis of the central nervous system worldwide. The fourth ventricle is the most frequent site of intraventricular infestation, a location that carries a higher risk for CSF blockage and intracranial hypertension due to CSF blockage. A great number of patients become shunt dependent which carries a poorer prognosis. We report on a case of a patient with symptomatic obstructive hydrocephalus due to cysticercus in the fourth ventricle where an endoscopic approach via a frontal burr hole was performed. Although there is no consensus in the literature for the optimal treatment of this disease, this method seemed adequate for treatment of fourth ventricle cysticercosis in patients with hydrocephalus, aqueductal and foramen of Monro dilatations.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/22. neurocysticercosis: a new differential in the diagnosis of postdural puncture headache.IMPLICATIONS: Positional headache after spinal anesthesia is considered pathognomonic for postdural puncture headache. This report describes a patient who developed a positional headache after spinal anesthesia that was due to neurocysticercosis, a parasitic central nervous system infestation caused by the tapeworm taenia solium.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/22. Subcutaneous and cerebral cysticercosis.Cysticercosis is a human infestation, which is considered the most common cause of seizures worldwide. The subcutaneous lesions can help in the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. We describe a case of a 45-year-old patient with multiple cutaneous nodules first seen 2 years ago that were increasing in number, and normal neurologic and fundoscopic examination. Neurologic symptoms started 3 months before hospital admission as a mild headache and muscular weakness. The imaging examinations showed a massive central nervous system involvement. physicians must be aware of the importance of subcutaneous nodule examination for the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/22. Cysticercosis: imported and autochthonous infections in kuwait.Intracerebral and non-central nervous system (non-CNS) cysticercosis caused by the larval pork tapeworm taenia solium was diagnosed in patients in an Islamic state. The mode of transmission and challenges in diagnosis are highlighted. Sixteen patients with neurocysticercosis and six with non-CNS lesions were diagnosed by imaging studies (computerized tomography [CT]/magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) and serology (ELISA and/or enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay [EITB]). Four of 55 family members, including servants, tested for antibodies were positive by the EITB and ELISA. Only one of these sera tested for antibodies to adult T. solium was positive: that of the cook, the probable source of the infection. We postulate a similar mode of transmission in the other Kuwaitis. Evaluation of several commercially available ELISA kits showed they were of poor specificity. Even in countries where pork consumption is proscribed by religious laws, physicians should include cysticercosis in their differential diagnosis in patients with neurological symptoms or non-CNS lesions, especially in non-endemic countries with a large expatriate population such as kuwait. In children particularly, and in this region, suspected tuberculous lesions on CT must be investigated to rule out cysticerci by a more diligent use of the sensitive and specific EITB assay. Failure to understand the local epidemiology leads to empirical, inappropriate and prolonged therapy for chronic disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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