1/252. Ancient schwannoma of the orbit.The ancient schwannoma is a rare variant of a neurilemoma with a course typical of a slow-growing benign neoplasm. Histologically, it can be confused with a malignant mesenchymal tumor because of increased cellularity, nuclear pleomorphism, and hyperchromatism. Despite the degree of nuclear atypia, mitotic figures are absent. We describe the clinical and histopathologic features of an ancient schwannoma of the orbit.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = neoplasm (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/252. Surgical management of lesions affecting the anterior optic pathways.Although benign neoplasms are the most common lesions of the anterior visual pathways that lend themselves to a combined neurosurgical and ophthalmic surgical treatment, malignant neoplasms, infections (especially fungal), and vascular lesions are also sometimes treated via a combined approach. Recent advances in the field of skull base surgery have made it possible to treat complicated lesions in precarious locations with increasing margins of safety and decreasing morbidity. The role of the neurosurgeon in managing selected patients with lesions of the anterior a visual pathway should not be underestimated.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = neoplasm (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/252. Prenatal sonographic features of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma.We describe a case of fetal rhabdomyosarcoma detected during the third trimester of pregnancy by prenatal sonography. At 33 weeks' gestation, sonography performed because of suspected polyhydramnios showed a solid mass of 120 x 54 mm arising from the anterior wall of the fetal thoracic cage. Another mass within the left maxillary area which originated from the left orbital floor was also detected. In the abdomen, there were multiple round masses in and around the liver. As the previous scan at 28 weeks had appeared normal, the multiple masses which became visible and enlarged rapidly in different locations led us to believe that there was fetal cancer. The most likely diagnosis was rhabdomyosarcoma (which was later confirmed), because it is the most prevalent soft-tissue tumor in children and may develop within or outside muscle anywhere in the body and at any age. Two other reported cases which were detected by prenatal ultrasound examination are also discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0080718369616255keywords = cancer (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/252. Immunohistochemical examination of an orbital alveolar soft part sarcoma.BACKGROUND: A 32 year-old male patient had a 6-week history of left-sided proptosis. Computer tomography revealed a 16x15x15 mm smooth and well-defined mass between the optic nerve and the medial and superior rectus muscles in the left orbit. methods: The tumour was excised via a cranio-medial orbitotomy approach. RESULTS: Histopathological examination, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy findings were consistent with an alveolar soft part sarcoma. Immunohistochemical staining showed positive immunoreactivity for neuronespecific enolase, vimentin, p53 (30%), p21 (10%) and cyclin d1 (20%), and negative immunoreactivity for CD45, cytokeratins, S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, synaptophysin, chromogranin, calcitonin, serotonin, thyreoglobulin, desmin, myosin, actin, HMB-45, pRB, p16 and BCL-2. The growth fraction of the tumour cells was 3%. At examination 4 years after surgical excision, there was no evidence of local recurrence or for metastases. CONCLUSION: Alveolar soft part sarcoma of the orbit is a rare malignant tumour best controlled by surgery. The unpredictable behaviour of these neoplasms, however, indicates the need for long-term follow-up.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = neoplasm (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/252. Long-term survival following non-Hodgkin's lymphoma arising in wiskott-aldrich syndrome.wiskott-aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked recessive trait, characterized by thrombocytopenia, eczema, immunodeficiency and a high risk of malignancy, usually leukaemia or lymphoma. Until recently, most patients died before the age of 10 years. A patient with WAS who developed extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at the age of 16 years is reported. Despite thrombocytopenia at presentation, chemotherapy was well tolerated. There was disease progression after first line chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but the patient responded to second line chemotherapy with cisplatin, vincristine and etoposide. He remains disease free 9 years after completing treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.015716891091764keywords = malignancy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/252. Implant brachytherapy: a novel treatment for recurrent orbital rhabdomyosarcoma.BACKGROUND: Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of the orbit in childhood. Tumor resection and exenteration were the preferred treatment modalities for rhabdomyosarcoma. In the past 20 years, however, combined local radiation and systemic chemotherapy have shown excellent survival results. Tumor recurrence after any of the aforementioned therapies is almost always fatal. We have developed a novel treatment for recurrent disease that has resulted in long-term survival for three patients. methods: Three patients with recurrent orbital rhabdomyosarcoma were previously treated with primary radiation and chemotherapy. At the time of recurrence, exenteration and localized brachytherapy were performed. An individually molded poly(methylmethacrylate) (Lucite; E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, Del.) device loaded with radioactive iodine seeds delivered localized high-dose radiation, 6000 cGy over 6 days, to the orbit without irradiating the brain. RESULTS: All patients are alive and free of disease with follow-up ranging from 4 years and 4 months to 8 years and 4 months. CONCLUSION: A novel technique of delivering localized radiation to the orbit of three children with recurrent orbital rhabdomyosarcoma appears curative.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.015716891091764keywords = malignancy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/252. Frontal intraosseous cryptic hemangioma presenting with supraorbital neuralgia.Primary intraosseous cranial hemangiomas are rare benign tumors comprising 0.2% of all osseous neoplasms. Symptomatic cranial cryptic hemangiomas are extremely rare. We report the case of a 43-year-old man with a cryptic hemangioma of the superior orbital rim. Radiological investigations revealed it to be an intraosseous cryptic mass which was totally excised and the supraorbital nerve was decompressed, relieving the patient of his symptoms. Histopathology showed features of an intraosseous hemangioma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = neoplasm (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/252. hypnosis instead of general anaesthesia in paediatric radiotherapy: report of three cases.PURPOSE: This report proposes hypnosis as a valid alternative to general anaesthesia for immobilisation and set-up in certain cases in paediatric radiotherapy. methods: We report three cases of children who underwent radiotherapy in 1994 and were treated using hypnosis for set-up during irradiation. The first and the second were two cases of macroscopic resection of cerebellar medulloblastoma in which craniospinal irradiation was necessary, while the third patient suffered of an endorbitary relapse of retinoblastoma previously treated with bilateral enucleation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy; in this last situation the child needed radiation as palliative therapy. hypnosis was used during treatment to obtain the indispensable immobility. Hypnotic conditioning was obtained by our expert psychotherapist while the induction during every single treatment was made by the clinician, whose voice was presented to the children during the conditioning. RESULTS: Every single fraction of the radiation therapy was delivered in hypnosis and without the need for narcosis. CONCLUSIONS: hypnosis may be useful in particular situations to prepare paediatric cancer patients during irradiation, when lack of child collaboration might necessitate the use of general anaesthesia and when anaesthesia itself is not possible.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0080718369616255keywords = cancer (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/252. Gamma probe localization of cranial bone lesions.PURPOSE: Staging of cancer is essential to formulate appropriate treatment plans and to help predict prognosis. A solitary region of increased radionuclide uptake ("hot spot") on a bone scan may represent a metastasis or a masquerading lesion. biopsy may be required to determine its histologic nature, but localization of the site may be difficult because bone scans provide poor spatial resolution. methods: In two patients with breast carcinoma, radioactive technetium was administered intravenously and a gamma probe was used preoperatively and intraoperatively to identify the site of cranial bone involvement. RESULTS: The lesions were resected; one was a benign fibro-osseous lesion and one was a metastatic breast adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: A gamma probe may be helpful in localizing the site of radioactive uptake identified by bone scan.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0080718369616255keywords = cancer (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/252. Recurrent proptotic diplopia due to congestive expansion of cavernous haemangioma with relapsing right-sided cardiac failure.A 75-year-old man with a recent history of pulmonary embolism, presented with collapse followed by a gran mal seizure and right-sided non-pulsatile proptosis. On recovery, he had diplopia on lateral and upward gaze and signs of congestive cardiac failure. Further pulmonary embolism was proven by lung scintigraphy. Computed tomography of his orbits confirmed a contrast-enhancing space-occupying lesion of the medial wall of the right orbit, with no intracranial abnormality. The patient was investigated for metastatic tumour as a possible cause of the space-occupying lesion and the unprovoked thromboembolic event, but no evidence of malignancy was found. The orbital lesion was not biopsied because of the risk of bleeding from anticoagulation. Three weeks later, the patient represented with recurrent cardiac failure, proptosis, and diplopia. A transorbital ultrasound confirmed an encapsulated, well-defined vascular lesion, with typical appearances and Doppler flow characteristics of a cavernous haemangioma. Diuretic therapy abolished the proptosis and diplopia in tandem with relief of the cardiac failure. This is the first description of recurrent proptosis with diplopia due to recurrent congestive expansion of an orbital cavernous haemangioma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.015716891091764keywords = malignancy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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