1/13. Intravenous ribavirin by constant infusion for serious influenza and parainfluenzavirus infection.Three patients with severe lower respiratory tract influenza or parainfluenzavirus infections were treated with continuous ribavirin infusion, given as a 5 mg/kg/hour (h) loading infusion for 8 h followed by 1.5 mg/kg/h for 2 to 6 days. This regimen was generally well tolerated. plasma ribavirin concentrations were 40 to 60 microM in two patients during the continuous infusion phase and lower concentrations were detectable in tracheobronchial secretions. In temporal association with ribavirin administration, viral shedding diminished in one patient and ceased in two patients, one of whom had developed virus resistant to amantadine. The strategy of continuous ribavirin infusion warrants controlled testing for its antiviral and possible clinical effectiveness.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = respiratory tract, tract (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/13. Virus-induced asthma attacks.Viral respiratory tract infections are a common cause of asthma attacks. Study of this phenomenon has revealed multiple mechanisms and contributed to understanding of the increase in airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction observed in this context. Changes in the neural control of the airways contribute to bronchoconstriction, which is reflected in an increased efficacy of anticholinergic medications during acute asthma attacks. The ability to prevent or treat viral respiratory tract infections is currently limited. However, as more effective antiviral treatments and vaccines become available, such therapies are likely to be effective in patients with asthma. Clinical management of this problem is illustrated in this article by the case of a 40-year-old woman with history of mild asthma who was admitted to an intensive care unit with severe bronchospasm and an upper respiratory tract infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 27.525945158481keywords = respiratory tract infection, respiratory tract, tract infection, upper respiratory tract, tract, upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/13. Speechless after bone marrow transplantation: a rare complication of parainfluenza virus related group in an adult.Upper respiratory tract (URT) viral infections may cause severe consequences during myeloablative bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We present a patient with parainfluenza virus (PIV) infection during the course of BMT. He remained relatively asymptomatic during the course of cytopenia, but presented with complete loss of voice and severe laryngitis a few days after engraftment, which is not usual for adult PIV infections. Seroconversion to PIV and marked increase in antibody titres was demonstrated, with complete lymphoid engraftment. Our case illustrated that the virulence of some URT viral infections depend on host immune factors, and may remain latent until graft versus host responses can be mounted.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = respiratory tract, tract (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/13. Respiratory tract reinfections by the new human metapneumovirus in an immunocompromised child.The human metapneumovirus (HMPV), a new member of the paramyxoviridae family, has been recently associated with respiratory tract infections in young children. We report the case of a young, immunocompromised child who had severe lower respiratory tract infections during two consecutive winter seasons caused by genetically distinct HMPV strains.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 18.263999671753keywords = respiratory tract infection, respiratory tract, tract infection, tract (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/13. Human metapneumovirus in a haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient with fatal lower respiratory tract disease.Respiratory viruses are increasingly recognized as a cause of pneumonitis following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, frequently, no pathogen is identified in cases of suspected viral pneumonia. Recently, a previously undescribed paramyxovirus, designated 'human metapneumovirus' (hMPV), was isolated from children with respiratory illness. We have detected hMPV as the sole pathogen in the nasopharyngeal aspirate of an HSCT recipient who succumbed to progressive respiratory failure following an upper respiratory prodrome. This report highlights the importance of further studies to elucidate the role of hMPV in causing respiratory illnesses in the HSCT population.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4.0000101605858keywords = respiratory tract, tract, upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/13. Parainfluenza virus respiratory infection after bone marrow transplantation.BACKGROUND. pneumonia complicates about half of all bone marrow transplantations, and in about a third of the cases no specific cause is identified. Although parainfluenza virus is a common cause of respiratory infection in normal children, its role in transplant recipients is unknown. methods. We describe the incidence and clinical course of parainfluenza infection among the 1253 recipients of bone marrow transplants at our center from 1974 through 1990. We performed viral cultures on all such recipients who had manifestations of a viral infection or fever without apparent cause. RESULTS. Among the 1253 patients, we found 27 (2.2 percent) who had parainfluenza virus infection as demonstrated by culture (12 of 580 adults and 15 of 673 children). Eight of these patients had only upper respiratory tract involvement, all of whom had positive nasopharyngeal cultures. Of the remaining 19, 8 had symptoms of both upper and lower respiratory tract involvement, and 11 had only lower respiratory involvement, of whom only 6 had positive nasopharyngeal cultures. Four required bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnosis. A median of nine days elapsed from the onset of symptoms until the culture became positive, and overall only 33 of 118 cultures obtained were positive. Respiratory failure developed in 6 of the 19 patients with lower respiratory tract involvement, and all died. CONCLUSIONS. Parainfluenza virus is a cause of serious lower respiratory tract involvement in both adults and children who undergo bone marrow transplantation. Given the insensitivity of current culturing techniques, it may be underdiagnosed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4.1387824371767keywords = respiratory tract, upper respiratory tract, tract, upper (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/13. Lower respiratory tract infection caused by human metapneumovirus in two children: the first report of human metapneumovirus infection in norway.Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a newly described human pathogen associated with respiratory disease. A real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method was developed to detect this virus. This reports present the first 2 cases of hMPV disease diagnosed in norway. Both patients were children with serious lower airway disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 36.516230509187keywords = respiratory tract infection, respiratory tract, tract infection, tract (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/13. Human metapneumovirus as a causative agent of lower respiratory tract infection in four patients: the first report of human metapneumovirus infection confirmed by rna sequences in taiwan.Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) has been described as a human pathogen associated with respiratory disease in most parts of the world from all age groups. This report presents the first 4 cases of HMPV disease confirmed by the sequences of PCR products in taiwan.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 36.516230509187keywords = respiratory tract infection, respiratory tract, tract infection, tract (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/13. Human metapneumovirus infection in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient with relapsed multiple myeloma and rapidly progressing lung cancer.Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) was isolated from a 63-year-old multiple myeloma patient who had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and who presented with lower respiratory tract infection several weeks prior to the diagnosis of lung cancer. The isolate was phylogenetically and biologically characterized and compared to HMPV prototypes and recent pediatric isolates. Remarkably, it belonged to the novel genomic subgroup A2b.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 9.1290576272968keywords = respiratory tract infection, respiratory tract, tract infection, tract (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/13. Interferon production in children with respiratory syncytial, influenza, and parainfluenza virus infections.To better understand the recovery process of infants with lower respiratory tract disease due to respiratory syncytial virus, the production of interferon by 129 children (ages 10 days to 24 months) with RSV infection was compared to that of 20 children with influenza (ages 1 to 36 months), and 37 children with parainfluenza virus infection (ages 4 to 66 months). Interferon assays of 285 nasal washes from children with RSV revealed that interferon production occurred in only 5 (4%) of the children. Significantly more children infected with infleunza virus, 55% (P less than 0.001), and parainfluenza virus, 30% (P less than 0.001), produced interferon. In addition, the quantity of interferon produced by children with RSV (geometric mean titer = 2) was significantly less than that of children with influenza (GMT = 26.8, P less than 0.001) and parainfluenza virus (GMT = 23.5, P less than 0.001). In the children infected with RSV, in constrast to those with influenza, interferon detection was not associated with diminished shedding of virus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = respiratory tract, tract (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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