1/11. Psychiatric aspects of parathyroid disease.parathyroid diseases can present with psychiatric symptoms and can be recognized through determinations of serum electrolytes, especially the calcium level. Psychiatric evaluations should include a serum calcium concentration test, which is also essential in reassessment of patients poorly responsive to mental illness treatment. A magnesium and a phosphate assay may also be diagnostically helpful. Abnormality of divalent cation levels may provide evidence for consideration of, or ruling out, parathyroid disorders. Determinations of parathyroid hormone are performed if clinically indicated, and if abnormal divalent cation quantifications are confirmed. If parathyroid disease is identified, corrective endocrine therapies may diminish or even cure psychiatric aspects of parathyroid pathology. Failure to recognize a parathyroid disorder leaves an endocrine-induced mental dysfunction without proper treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = endocrine (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/11. glucagon-blood catecholamine test: use in isolated and familial pheochromocytoma.In 149 cases, blood pressure response to glucagon test did not exceed 20/10 mm Hg more than the response in the cold pressor test control and was considered negative. plasma catecholamine level increases may be seen in 95% of patients without pheochromocytomas. Among six patients with pheochromocytomas, urinary metanephrine levels were of diagnostic importance in two with isolated pheochromocytoma and in one with the multiple endocrine neoplasia of type 2 (MEN-type 2). Urinary metanephrine determinations yielded false-negative results in three patients with MEN-type 2, while vanilmandelic acid level was normal in one and nephrotomograms were positive in two of these three. These results suggest that the early diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in patients with MEN-type 2 may be difficult and may require multiple biochemical and roentgenographic investigations.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7.3662563378667keywords = multiple endocrine, endocrine neoplasia, multiple endocrine neoplasia, endocrine, neoplasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/11. Secondary parathyroid hyperplasia in tuberous sclerosis: report of a case with large eosinophilic ganglion-like cells similar to those of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, tubers, and atypical angiomyolipoma.We report a case of secondary parathyroid hyperplasia in a 49-year-old man with tuberous sclerosis. Two parathyroid glands had collections of large, eosinophilic ganglion-like endocrine cells that to our knowledge have not been previously described at this site. These cells are morphologically similar to those of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, tubers, and atypical angiomyolipoma, all of which may arise in the setting of tuberous sclerosis. These large, eosinophilic ganglion-like cells found in different affected organs appear to be distinctive of tuberous sclerosis. We suggest these large eosinophilic cells arise from a common stem cell precursor that acquires variable phenotypes according to alterations in the cellular microenvironment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = endocrine (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/11. autopsy case of prostate cancer with multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A.We describe an autopsy case of a 65-year-old man with prostate cancer accompanied by multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A (MEN 2A), including malignant pheochromocytomas, thyroid medullary carcinomas and parathyroid hyperplasia. Metastatic lesions from the prostate primary were identified using immunohistochemistry for prostate specific antigen within both primary and metastatic pheochromocytomas in the liver. To investigate the affinity of prostate cancer for pheochromocytoma cells, immunohistochemistry was carried out using a number of antibodies and both tumors were positive for N-cadherin. Interestingly, pheochromocytomas, thyroid medullary carcinomas and prostate cancer were all positive for the anti-RET antibody. The immunohistochemical results suggest that the cell affinity may, in part, result from cell-cell adhesion via N-cadherin. Although prostate cancer is rarely associated with MEN, RET activation may have participated in the tumorigenesis of this case.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 36.831281689333keywords = multiple endocrine, endocrine neoplasia, multiple endocrine neoplasia, endocrine, neoplasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/11. Ectopic apudocarcinomas and associated endocrine hyperplasias of the foregut.Foregut endocrine polypeptide-secreting apud cells (Amine-Precursor-Uptake and decarboxylation), in their embryologic migration from neural crest to foregut may become "arrested" in the mesoderm or in other ectopic locations. They may become hyperplastic, adenomatous or malignant. Eight illustrative patients are reported. One patient had "pancreatic hyperparathyroidism" with hypercalcemic crises, pancreatic apudocarcinoma, normal parathyroids, biologically active parathormone, but inert immunochemically to the usual parathyroid antisera. Two had gastrin-secreting malignancies in the mesoderm. Remission after excision, but eventual recurrence of the syndrome due to islet cell hyperplasia required total gastrectomy. One patient had a gastric corpus apudocarcinoma found prospectively with hypergastrinemia which required excision of the tumor. One patient had acromegaly with hypergastrinemia and antral gastrinosis treated by pituitary irradiation, One patient had the antral or intermediary type of the zollinger-ellison syndrome with moderate hypergastrinemia, duodenal ulcer and antral gastrinosis, treated by vagotomy and antrectomy. One patient had hyperparathyroidism with antral gastrinosis, treated by parathyroidectomy. One patient had malignant zollinger-ellison syndrome and developed associated thyroid parafollicular cell hyperplasia and parathyroid chief cell hyperplasia, treated by total gastrectomy and multiple endocrine excisions. These investigative observations demonstrate ectopic loci and associated hyperplasias which support the concept of migration and bizarre potentiality of polypeptide-secreting cells of the foregut.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7.6420317421954keywords = multiple endocrine, endocrine (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/11. Multiple endocrine adenomatosis type IIb. Diagnosis and treatment.A 29-year-old man with a marfanoid habitus, peculiar mucosal neuromas of the lips and tongue, high arched palate, hyperplastic corneal nerves, and hypertension was found at operation to have medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, parathyroid hyperplasia, and pheochromocytoma. These symptoms and findings are characteristic of multiple endocrine adenomatosis (MEA IIb) syndromes.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7.1420317421954keywords = multiple endocrine, endocrine (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/11. Myxoid adrenal cortical carcinoma: a light and electron microscopic study.An adrenal cortical carcinoma demonstrating a peculiar myxoid background similar to that of a myxoma was found in a 41-year-old woman who also had parathyroid hyperplasia and clinical evidence of a pituitary tumor. The electron microscopic study demonstrated its value in establishing the diagnosis that was not possible to make with absolute certainty at the light microscopic level alone. The combination of endocrine disorders strongly suggests the possibility of an unusual multiple endocrine syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5.6420317421954keywords = multiple endocrine, endocrine (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/11. multiple endocrine neoplasia. Pituitary adenoma, multicentric papillary thyroid carcinoma, bilateral carotid body paraganglioma, parathyroid hyperplasia, gastric leiomyoma, and systemic amyloidosis.multiple endocrine neoplasia in a 70-year-old woman are described. The findings include a nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma, a multicentric papillary thyroid carcinoma, bilateral carotid body paragangliomas, parathyroid hyperplasia, gastric leiomyoma and systemic amyloidosis. A study of the kindred revealed that two family members, a daughter and a granddaughter, have clinical and radiographic evidence of pituitary tumors and bilateral carotid body paragangliomas, suggesting that this may represent a genetically determined syndrome inherited as an autosomal dominant.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 9.6302094178321keywords = endocrine neoplasia, endocrine, neoplasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/11. Surgical aspects of MEN I syndrome.multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) Type I syndrome is a rare tumor of unknown etiology with a prevalence of 0.02 to 0.2 per 1000. Some of the tumors associated with MEN I include pituitary adenomas, parathyroid adenomas, hyperplastic tissue, and pancreatic B and non-B islet cell tumors. The clinical presentation is usually secondary to the specific hyperfunction characteristic of the different endocrine glands. hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia precede all other manifestations in the majority of cases. Surgery plays a major role in management, and the condition should be considered when a tumor is diagnosed along the endocrine axis of glands, especially in hyperparathyroid patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.9260418835664keywords = endocrine neoplasia, endocrine, neoplasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/11. Primary diffuse microscopical hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands: surgical importance.In two of 182 patients with verified primary hyperparathyroidism, microscopical hyperplasia was present in all parathyroid glands that were normal in size or only slightly enlarged. All parathyroid glands in another two patients showed microscopical hyperplasia and varied from a normal size of 190 mg. In seven additional patients, microscopical hyperplasia was present in one, several, or all parathyroid glands, which varied in weight from normal to 350 mg. Familial hyperparathyroidism or multiple endocrine neoplasia was evident in five of 11 patients. Contributing to difficulties was the experience in five patients in whom removal of mildly enlarged parathyroid glands corrected hypercalcemia, but definite microscopical abnormalities were not evident by routine histologic study of the glands. Thus, there appears to be a spectrum of abnormalities relative to size and microscopical changes in parathyroid glands of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The surgeon should be aware of these patterns of parathyroid hyperplasia that require a search for a fifth parathyroid gland and a subtotal parathyroidectomy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7.3662563378667keywords = multiple endocrine, endocrine neoplasia, multiple endocrine neoplasia, endocrine, neoplasia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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