1/9. Meralgia paresthetica secondary to limb length discrepancy: case report.Meralgia paresthetica consists of pain and dysthesia in the lateral thigh caused by entrapment of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (L2-L3) underneath the inguinal ligament. Abdominal distension, tight clothing, and hip hyperextension are all described causes of this condition. To our knowledge this has never been attributed to a limb length discrepancy. We present a 51-year-old man with a long-standing history of right sided meralgia paresthetica. history and physical and radiological examination were unrewarding except that his left leg was shorter than the right by 2 cm. Nerve conduction studies of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve on the left had a normal latency and amplitude but were absent on the right. To prove the hpothesis that the limb length discrepancy was responsible for the condition, a single subject study was performed. The presence or absence of pain and dysesthesia in the right thigh was the observed behavior. Intervention consisted of wearing a 1.5-cm lift in the left or right shoe for 2 weeks each with an intervening 2-week lift-free period. pain was recorded on a numeric scale and numbness as being present or absent. There was continuing pain without and with the lift in the right shoe but no pain or numbness with the lift in left shoe. It was concluded that the limb length discrepancy was responsible for the meralgia paresthetica. Pertinent literature and possible pathomechanics are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ligament (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/9. Saphenous neuralgia after arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a semitendinosus and gracilis tendon graft.A case report of saphenous neuralgia following arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendons is presented. The patient complained of paresthesia in the anteromedial region of the lower leg and tenderness at the medial side of the knee without motor or reflex abnormalities. Because saphenous neuralgia can mimic disorders of the knee, peripheral vascular disease, and lumbar nerve root compression, diagnosis can be confirmed by anesthetic blockade. The patient underwent saphenous neurolysis. Six months after surgery, the patient had normal cutaneous sensation at the medial aspect of the lower leg and ankle and she no longer complained of any painful dysesthesia. To minimize the risk of damaging the saphenous nerve when harvesting hamstring tendons, the knee should be flexed and the hip external rotated.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = ligament (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/9. Pure dislocation of the ankle: three case reports and literature review.ankle dislocation without fracture is an extremely rare injury. The results of treatment are reported for three patients who had a posteromedial open dislocation, a lateral open dislocation, and a posterior closed dislocation of the ankle. Management consisted of immediate reduction, debridement and capsular suture in the open dislocations, and immobilization with a short leg cast in all patients. At followup no patient had tibiotalar joint instability; a 10 degrees to 15 degrees loss in the range of dorsiflexion was observed in two patients. One patient reported paresthesia in the area of the superficial peroneal nerve. The three patients achieved good long-term functional and radiographic results. Predisposing factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of this lesion are internal malleolus hypoplasia, ligamentous laxity, weakness of the peroneal muscles, and previous ankle sprains. Among the three patients, medial malleolus hypoplasia was present in one patient and previous sprains were seen in the clinical history of another patient.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ligament (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/9. Clinics in diagnostic imaging (55). Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the cervical spine associated with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis is described in a 70-year-old Caucasian man presenting with a rapidly progressive myelopathy. The acute nature of his myelopathic symptoms and cervical canal stenosis necessitated posterior decompressive surgery. Four other patients with OPLL are presented to illustrate the spectrum of imaging findings. The computed tomographic features of OPLL are distinctive.A 2-5 mm thick linear ossified strip along the posterior vertebral margin usually at mid cervical (C3 to C5) level characterises the condition. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is valuable in excluding possible cord damage and associated disc lesions prior to surgery. A calcified central sequestrated disc is the only condition that may be mistaken for the segmental and retrodiscal forms of OPLL In a clinical setting of compressive myelopathy, it is pertinent to distinguish between these two conditions since a sequestrated disc has a more favourable surgical prognosis. The merits and relevance of anterior and posterior surgery together with their possible complications are outlined.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = ligament (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/9. Injection injuries to the median and ulnar nerves at the wrist.carpal tunnel syndrome is often treated nonoperatively with temporary wrist immobilization and local steroid injections. A direct injection into a peripheral nerve can result in permanent damage. Two cases of median nerve injection injury and one involving the ulnar nerve are presented; all were treated with neurolysis and debridement of the injected material. At follow-up ranging from 1 to 11 years, all patients showed significant improvement, but with some functional loss. The literature is confusing because of the variety of injection techniques used for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome, some of which put the median nerve at risk. We recommend that the injection be made midway between the palmaris longus tendon and the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon just proximal to the proximal edge of the transverse carpal ligament in a line with the superficialis tendon of the ring finger. The injection should be stopped and redirected if the patient experiences paresthesia of any kind.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ligament (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/9. Unusual periodontal findings in an AIDS patient with Burkitt's lymphoma. A case report.This report deals with a case of AIDS-related Burkitt's lymphoma in which some of the earliest findings were dental and periodontal in nature. The patient presented initially with painless and extremely loose teeth accompanied by progressive paresthesia of the lower jaw. Unique radiographic findings included extensive periodontal ligament space widening and bulbous, granuloma-like lesions about the apices of the teeth. These findings were associated with progressive tumor infiltration of the mandible and do not appear to be related to other reports of aggressive periodontitis associated with impaired immunologic functions in AIDS patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ligament (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/9. Bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome in an adolescent.A 13-year-old boy with nocturnal paresthesias of the hands was shown to have bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome by electrodiagnosis. Surgical findings included thickening of the transverse carpal ligament and local anomalies of tendon and muscle. Surgical correction produced prompt relief.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ligament (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/9. Malignant tumour of the psoas: another cause of meralgia paraesthetica.Contrasting the more benign causes known for meralgia paraesthetica we report a case due to a malignant tumour of the psoas muscle. We discuss the use of sensory nerve conduction study and somatosensory evoked potentials of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as well as needle EMG and diagnostic nerve block to detect the site of the lesion along its course. This appears of major importance, as causes located above the inguinal ligament can bear a more serious prognosis than the ones below.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ligament (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/9. femoral nerve palsy after arthroscopic surgery with an infusion pump irrigation system. A report of three cases.One patient developed complete, and two patients, partial, femoral nerve palsy after arthroscopic surgery in which an infusion pump was used to operate an irrigation system. In one case, hip flexor and quadricep function was completely lost after the patient underwent arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy without the use of a tourniquet. A CT scan of the pelvis demonstrated considerable fluid accumulation in the thigh and inguinal regions. The remaining two patients developed quadriceps weakness, but not complete femoral nerve palsy, after arthroscopic-assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. Although tourniquets were used in these latter two procedures, the pressures were low (300 to 325 mm Hg) and the tourniquet times not excessive, suggesting that femoral nerve palsy in these two patients resulted from fluid extravasation. In all three cases, muscle function returned within 6 to 7 months, but sensory nerve deficits were still present at that time.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ligament (Clic here for more details about this article) |