1/53. An unusual case of otogenic pneumocephalus.Otogenic pneumocephalus is a rare entity usually caused by temporal bone trauma. This paper describes a case of otogenic pneumocephalus of traumatic origin, in which the type of the fracture (a bony spicula was detached from the mastoid) and the location (Trautmann's triangle) were uncommon.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = fracture (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/53. temporal bone fracture following blunt trauma caused by a flying fish.Blunt trauma to the temporal region can cause fracture of the skull base, loss of hearing, vestibular symptoms and otorrhoea. The most common causes of blunt trauma to the ear and surrounding area are motor vehicle accidents, violent encounters, and sports-related accidents. We present an obscure case of a man who was struck in the ear by a flying fish while wading in the sea with resulting temporal bone fracture, sudden deafness, vertigo, cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea, and pneumocephalus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = fracture (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/53. Tension pneumocephalus after neurosurgery in the supine position.Tension pneumocephalus has been reported most frequently after posterior fossa surgery performed in the sitting position. We present a paediatric patient who developed tension pneumocephalus in the postoperative period after decompression of a craniopharyngioma performed with the patient in the supine position.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.012423712578258keywords = compression (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/53. Subdural and intraventricular traumatic tension pneumocephalus: case report.Simple pneumocephalus most frequently arises as a complication of a head injury in which a compound basal skull fracture with tearing of the meninges allows entry of air into the cranial cavity. It can also follow a neurosurgical operation. Tension traumatic pneumocephalus with intraventricular extension is an extremely rare, potentially lethal condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. We report the case of subdural and intraventricular accidental tension pneumocephalus occurring in a 26-year-old man as a result of skull fracture. This case is combined with rhinorrhea and meningitis that suggest some difficulties to treat. The operative procedure associated with medical treatment was performed and a good result was obtained.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = fracture (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/53. Tension pneumo-orbitus and pneumocephalus induced by a nasal oxygen cannula: report on two paediatric cases.The present paper highlights the potential dangers of misplaced nasopharyngeal oxygen cannulae causing secondary pneumo-orbitus and pneumocephalus in two paediatric patients. While this complication is uncommon, early recognition allows prompt and appropriate intervention, with cessation of nasal oxygen, cannula removal, early investigation with computed tomography (CT) head/orbit scan and orbital or cranial decompression, if required. Early CT imaging identifies medial orbital or paranasal sinus fractures, the presence of sinusitis, associated intracranial air and assessment of the degree of orbital or intracranial tension. Antibiotics are not usually required for this type of clean injury unless pre-existing sinusitis is identified. In both cases, direct orbital decompression was performed with excellent results after identification of marked unilateral tense exophthalmos, delayed pupillary reactions to light and ophthalmopegia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.0248474251565keywords = fracture, compression (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/53. Intracranial placement of a nasogastric tube after severe craniofacial trauma.Complications of intracranial placement of a nasogastric tube in patients with complex facial and skull base fractures are infrequent, though the associated morbidity and mortality are high. In such situations some authors advocate craniotomy to allow removal of the tube in several linear segments under direct visualization. Others advise tube removal nasally under antibiotic coverage. We present a case of complex craniofacial fracture in which a nasogastric tube was positioned intracranially 48 hours after admission. The tube was quickly removed through the nose, and the patient was discharged without neurologic problems.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = fracture (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/53. A rare clival and sellar fracture with pneumatocephalus.We present a case of clival and sellar complex fracture produced by an indirect mechanism. This previously healthy patient had an occipital trauma followed by epistaxis. CT showed a clival and sellar fracture with pneumatocephalus. The probable fracture mechanism was contre-coup injury, linked to cerebral shock-wave transmission. This type of fracture is generally observed in the anterior part of the skull base, in a low resistance area. Severe osteoporosis probably accounted for the unusual fracture site in this patient. A mechanism of direct clival transmission is discussed, together with the usual complications of sphenoid injuries.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 9keywords = fracture (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/53. Localising the source of pneumocephalus: a diagnostic problem.temporal bone fractures are a common site of origin for pneumocephalus in the trauma setting, but due to the variegated appearance of the skull base, these are not always evident on conventional scanning techniques. We present a case that illustrates this diagnostic difficulty along with the principles of treating pneumocephalus with Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt in situ.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = fracture (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/53. Disseminated pneumocephalus secondary to an unusual facial trauma.pneumocephalus can be secondary to a postintrathecal procedure, sinus fracture, basilar skull fracture, congenital skull defect, neoplasm, gas producing organism, barotrauma, neurosurgery, paranasal sinus surgery, mask or nasal continuous positive-airway pressure. Unusual facial traumas can also be rare causes of pneumocephalus. Here, we present such a case in whom an air compressor tip injury to both eyes led to the disseminated pneumocephalus. We report this rare case with the computed tomography findings and try to explain the possible mechanism of the pnemocephalus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = fracture (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/53. pneumocephalus. A sign of intracranial involvement in orbital fracture.Fractures of the orbit resulting from blunt or penetrating injury that involve the paranasal sinuses may tear the dura and allow air to enter the cranial cavity (pneumocephalus). pneumocephalus is sometimes the only sign of intracranial involvement. It is characteristically delayed in onset and clinically unsuspected, so that routine follow-up roentgenograms of patients with orbitosinus fractures may be the only means of assuring early detection. Roentgenographically, the air may be seen in spidural, subdural subarachnoid, intracerebral, or intraventricular locations. Prophylactic parenterally administered antibiotics may prevent intracranial infection. However, since about 25% of patients still develop meningitis, surgical repair of the dural fistula is often necessary.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = fracture (Clic here for more details about this article) |
| | Next -> |