1/9. Ectopic thymic tissue: a cause of emphysema in infants.Ectopic thymic tissue can present a diagnostic dilemma when it is located in the posterior mediastinum. The diagnosis can be made by awareness of it and by use of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Rarely, ectopic thymus are reported to cause airway obstruction. In infants ectopic thymic tissue should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of secondary pneumonias and emphysema especially located in the upper lung zones.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = emphysema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/9. Pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema, and pulmonary fibrosis in a patient with idiopathic pneumonia syndrome after bone marrow transplantation.An adolescent female underwent bone marrow transplantation for relapsed leukemia and developed acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease and idiopathic pneumonia syndrome. Her lung disease responded to large doses of methylprednisolone but evolved to pulmonary fibrosis and pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in the convalescent period. Pulmonary function tests revealed a restrictive pattern. Pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema are complications not only of obstructive but also of restrictive lung disease and vary with respect to time of onset.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = emphysema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/9. Lower airway papillomatosis in children.Laryngeal papilloma in children is a frequent disease caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) type 6 or type 11. This disease has a tendency to recur and the changes are histologically benign. In some cases papilloma may affect the lower levels of the respiratory tract. In this study, among 90 patients treated for laryngeal papillomatosis, in four children papilloma of trachea, bronchi and lung tissue were detected in endoscopic and radiological examination. This constitutes 4.4% of all patients. Compact nodules and acquired cysts between 5 and 50 mm long were found in chest x-rays and in computerised tomography. These cysts appeared from 4 to 8 years after establishing a diagnosis of laryngeal papilloma, and 1 year after recognising papilloma in the trachea. In all four children the presence of nodules and cysts in the lungs was preceded by recurrent pneumonia, emphysema or atelectasis of the lungs. All children with laryngeal papillomatosis should have a chest X-ray. Detection of acquired cyst-like changes in lung tissue in children with laryngeal papillomatosis is a warning of future papilloma in the trachea and bronchi, with involvement of lung tissue. In differential diagnosis of these changes in the lungs we should take into consideration the presence of papilloma in the bronchi. A prognosis of papillomatosis in the lower airways in children is always serious.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = emphysema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/9. Congenital lobar emphysema: an otolaryngologic perspective.Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is an uncommon but potentially life threatening pulmonary abnormality affecting infants. patients often present within the first 6 months of life with recurrent respiratory distress as a result of hyperinflation of the affected pulmonary lobe, and resultant near total collapse of normal lung parenchyma. We present a case of a 2-month-old infant with recurrent admissions for respiratory distress.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = emphysema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/9. decompression of giant bulla in acute pneumonia: surgical palliation prior to definitive management.Giant bullae can be complicated by respiratory tract infection in the setting of emphysema. Herein we describe a technique of palliative decompression of the bullae that gives time to treat acute pulmonary infection prior to definitive surgical treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = emphysema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/9. Pneumomyocardium: an unusual complication of barotrauma.We report a 22-day-old infant who developed staphylococcus aureus pneumonia with abscesses, pneumatoceles, and sepsis at 10 days of life. Mechanical ventilation was complicated by pneumothorax. At autopsy, a collection of air was found in the interventricular septum of the heart, a lesion we have termed pneumomyocardium. No hemorrhage, inflammatory infiltrate, organisms, or necrotic debris was found on the edge of the area of interstitial emphysema in the heart. We believe that the pneumomyocardium arose as a consequence of barotrauma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = emphysema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/9. Recurrent pneumothoraces and mediastinal emphysema in systemic lupus erythematosus.Neither pneumothorax or mediastinal emphysema are well recognized pulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We describe a 41-year-old woman with severe lupus pneumonitis complicated by recurrent pneumothoraces and mediastinal emphysema. Other features of SLE were minimal. She died of progressive respiratory failure. autopsy revealed innumerable blebs in both lungs responsible for the pneumothoraces and mediastinal emphysema. Both pneumothoraces and mediastinal emphysema occurred during a course of corticosteroid therapy. The course of her illness was unaffected by treatments that included high dose corticosteroids, immunosuppressives and plasmapheresis. Better medical treatment for these lupus complications should be sought in addition to surgery.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6keywords = emphysema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/9. Fatal ammonia inhalation. A case report with autopsy findings.A 25-year-old refrigeration technician died 85 days after accidental massive anhydrous ammonia inhalation; the case history and autopsy findings are described. The latter included bronchiectasis and obliterative bronchiolitis, but interstitial fibrosis and emphysema were conspicuously absent. The roles of dosage, infection, and healing are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = emphysema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/9. Reversible cystic dilatation of distal airways due to foreign body.We describe a child with foreign body aspiration whose chest radiograph showed an unusual appearance of multiple round lucencies simulating bronchiectasis. This appearance is contrary to the usual appearance of emphysema due to the check-valve type of obstruction. This report is particularly useful for pediatricians and family physicians, who should be aware of the variable appearances of foreign body aspiration. Our case emphasizes the necessity of early bronchoscopy in pediatric patients with unresolving pneumonia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = emphysema (Clic here for more details about this article) |