1/21. Pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium: unusual and rare complications of asthma in a 4 years old girl.We describe a 4-year-old girl with asthma who presented with pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium and subcutaneous emphysema. She was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea, chest pain, palpitation and cough of two days duration. She had attacks of cough, dyspnea and wheezing from two years of age, but she did not have a diagnosis of asthma previously. She was dyspneic and had subcutaneous emphysema in the neck, axilla and thorax. In the skin prick test (Center Lab. USA) she had positive reaction to dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides farinae, mold mix, tree mix and grass mix. Pulmonary function tests could not be performed. In the chest X-ray air was seen in mediastinum and subcutaneous area and the epicardium was surrounded completely with air. She was treated successfully with inhaled salbutamol and budesonide. Radiological signs of pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum disappeared completely in ten days period. In the light of this case we want to mention that early diagnosis and treatment of asthma should be done to prevent serious complication of asthma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = emphysema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/21. A case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium in a young adult.Spontaneous medialstinal emphysema (pneumomediastinum) and pneumopericardium may be defined as the presence of free air or gas in the mediastinal structures and in the pericardial sac without an apparent precipitating cause. It most frequently occurs in young healthy adults without serious underlying pulmonary disease. Although pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium is often asymptomatic, it may cause pain in the neck and chest, dysphonia and shortness of breath. Treatment is supportive unless the patient has a history of trauma from foreign body aspiration. The course of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium is usually benign and self-limited. A case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium and subcutaneous emphysema in a 20-year-old male is reported in this paper.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = emphysema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/21. Electrolytic phenomena and massive gas generation around pacemaker electrodes. Clinical presentation of an unusual pacing failure.An unexpected clinical presentation of an unusual pacing failure has been observed in two patients who had had recent implantation of a pacemaker model whose electrodes were made of an nonnoble metal alloy. An intermittent current leakage from the output capacitor and possibly from the output transistor accounted for electrolytic corrosion at the anode, premature depletion of the battery, heart muscle damage and for massive gas generation around electrodes, leading to right ventricular perforation, pneumopericardium and subcutaneous thoracic emphysema. The occurrence of this syndrome shows that, if nonnoble metals are used for electrodes, more attention should be addressed to those conditions which add to polarization problems, as is current leakage from the output circuit components.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = emphysema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/21. pneumorrhachis, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, and pneumoretroperitoneum after proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis: report of a case.This article presents the first known case of pneumorrhachis (spinal air), pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, pneumoretroperitoneum, and subcutaneous emphysema after proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. We review the patient's medical history, clinical and laboratory findings, radiographic data, and operative records, as well as the relevant literature. We describe the case of a young male with ulcerative colitis who developed pneumorrhachis, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumoretroperitoneum, pneumomediastinum, and pneumopericardium after a proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Unlike the case we report, previously described episodes of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema in patients with ulcerative colitis developed before operative intervention. We offer possible explanations for these unusual complications based on analysis of this case and thorough review of the literature.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.5keywords = emphysema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/21. Pneumoretroperitoneum, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, and subcutaneous emphysema complicating sigmoidoscopy: report of a case.An 80-year-old woman presented to our outpatient center with abdominal pain and blood-stained stools. She underwent a colonoscopy, which showed a 4-cm type II tumor in the rectum. About 2 h after the colonoscopy, mild facial edema and subcutaneous emphysema developed around her neck. A chest X-ray showed pneumopericardium, pneumomediastinum, and subcutaneous emphysema, and an abdominal X-ray demonstrated retroperitoneal air. An exploratory laparotomy was performed on the second day after the colonoscopy, which showed air in the subserosal space of the sigmoid colon. The air seemed to have leaked from a 2-cm inflamed diverticulum in the sigmoid colon. The mesosigmoid was also expanded by air. We discuss the anatomical mechanism of the various clinical presentations of extraluminal air following colonoscopy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = emphysema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/21. Pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, and pneumoperitoneum caused by peridiverticulitis of the colon: report of a case.A 50-year-old woman with breast carcinoma metastases in the left supraclavicular region was treated because of free air in the mediastinum, around the heart and vascular pedicle, below the diaphragmatic dome, and subcutaneous neck and supraclavicular emphysema, without radiologic signs of pneumothorax. Diverticulosis of the colon and an occult perforation of the diverticulum in the retroperitoneal region of the colon were diagnosed. The patient was treated by segmental resection of the colon with anastomosis, drainage of the abdominal cavity, and antibiotics. To our knowledge, this is the only report in the literature about pneumopericardium caused by peridiverticulitis of the colon.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = emphysema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/21. pneumopericardium and subcutaneous emphysema of the neck. An unusual manifestation of colonoscopic perforation.Subcutaneous neck emphysema has been reported infrequently following colonoscopic perforation and only a single case of pneumopericardium has been previously reported. The successful management of these patients in the literature has largely been non-operative. We report a case of colonoscopic perforation which presented with subcutaneous neck emphysema, pneumopericardium, and pneumoperitoneum that required operative intervention.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = emphysema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/21. pneumopericardium following laparoscopy.There have been no published reports of pneumopericardium complicating laparoscopy. Following an apparently uncomplicated laparoscopy, a 35-year-old woman developed pneumopericardium associated with subcutaneous emphysema of the neck. This resolved without specific therapy and without sequelae.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = emphysema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/21. Spontaneous pneumopericardium, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema: unusual complications of asthma in a 2-year-old boy.A 2-year-old boy presented to the emergency department with a history of sudden onset of cough, dyspnoea and a slight expiratory wheeze on the right lung base. He also had subcutaneous emphysema on the left side of the chest anteriorly. Chest x ray confirmed subcutaneous emphysema and also revealed pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium. He had had no previous episode and was not known to have asthma. He was apyrexial but had a raised white cell count. The eosinophil count was within normal limits. He was successfully treated with nebulised salbutamol, steroids, antibiotics and high flow oxygen. He made a good recovery and was discharged after 7 days. This case highlights the need for a high index of suspicion of asthma in very young children presenting for the first time with such complications.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = emphysema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/21. Mucosal tear in the oropharynx leading to pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum: an unusual complication of blunt trauma to the face and neck.Pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium are very rare complications resulting from blunt trauma to the head and neck. We report the case of a 40-year-old male who had been assaulted. He presented to the Emergency Department with bruises to the face and neck and complained of dysphagia. He was found to have extensive subcutaneous emphysema of the face and neck. Imaging revealed the presence of a mucosal tear in the oropharynx leading to pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium. He was managed conservatively and made an uneventful recovery. This is a very rare but potentially life-threatening complication of blunt trauma to the head and neck. It poses diagnostic difficulties and treatment dilemmas, which are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.5keywords = emphysema (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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