1/10. Successful donation and transplantation of multiple organs after fatal poisoning with brodifacoum, a long-acting anticoagulant rodenticide: case report.BACKGROUND: Successful organ donation has been reported after death from poisonings with cyanide, carbon monoxide, methanol, benzodiazepines, and tricyclic antidepressants. In this report, we describe a case of multiple organ donation from a previously healthy individual who died from poisoning with the long-acting anticoagulant rodenticide, brodifacoum. methods: Case report and review of the literature. RESULTS: All organs procured from the poisoned donor functioned adequately, and there were no hemorrhagic complications in any of the recipients. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates that brodifacoum poisoning is not an absolute contraindication to organ donation from brain-dead patients who have sustained a fatal ingestion.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = plant (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/10. methemoglobinemia induced by chlorphenamidine.A 76-year old farmer ingested 100 g of chlorphenamidine (Galectron), a plant acaricle, for the purpose of suicide. gastric lavage was performed and the patient survived. methemoglobinemia was noted after emergency treatment and was still present at 20 hours after ingestion of the compound. The patient was lethargic for at least 50 hours. Moderate neutrophilic leukocytosis and kidney injury were observed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = plant (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/10. Common poisons in singapore--past and present.A study on past toxicological activities in singapore enabled us to capture the trends of poisons abused in this country over the last 108 years. Until the early sixties, corrosive alkali and acids, alcohol (poisoning cases), inorganic chemicals, heavy metals and plant alkaloids were the mainstay of poisons principally used. The seventies and eighties saw a swing towards pharmaceuticals. The 1988-89 data gave alcohol (poisoning cases), pharmaceuticals, household items such as detergents, hypochlorite and antiseptic, carbon monoxide, paraquat, malathion, organic solvents (toluene and xylenes) and narcotics as the mainstay of poisons encountered. The last two classes of poisons reflect the continuing problems of glue sniffing and narcotics abuse facing singapore.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = plant (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/10. Acute occupational poisoning by octogen: first case report.BACKGROUND: Octogen (HMX) is a polynitramine explosive closely related to hexogen, a known occupational toxin in military munitions plants. No acute human poisoning with octogen has ever been reported. CASE REPORT: A 28-year-old man with no history of epilepsy was admitted to the Emergency Department for seizures that had developed during the night after a full working day when he manually sieved large amounts of dry octogen. On admission, the clinical examination was normal and all other examinations could not substantiate the development of essential or secondary epilepsy. Elevated octogen concentrations were measured in his plasma, which confirmed occupational exposure to the explosive. CONCLUSION: The rarity of acute human poisonings by octogen is due to the infrequent use of this explosive and, more importantly, its very low oral bioavailability. However, acute poisoning can occur, but should be easily avoided by implementing adequate preventive measures.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = plant (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/10. magnetic resonance imaging in toxic encephalopathy due to podophyllin poisoning.A case of toxic encephalopathy due to podophyllin poisoning was presented. It is documented for the first time by MRI that diffuse cerebral atrophy occurred as a result of podophyllin toxicity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.348016393614keywords = pod (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/10. Methylene iodide poisoning.A 20-month-old girl ingested a maximum of 25 mL of pure methylene iodide. Within two hours, the patient exhibited lethargy and incoordination and vomited. An abdominal radiograph demonstrated the radiopaque material in the gut. In vivo conversion to carbon monoxide was documented with a peak carboxyhemoglobin level of 14.2% reached at 11 hours after ingestion. Two days after ingestion, evidence of hepatotoxicity was apparent, and fulminant hepatic failure quickly ensued. Despite aggressive supportive care and transfer to a liver transplant center, the patient died nine days after ingestion. Methylene iodide ingestion has not been previously reported in human beings. This case verifies that this substance is a potent hepatotoxin, is metabolized to carbon monoxide in vivo, is radiopaque, and may cause bone marrow suppression.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = plant (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/10. Fatal poisoning by rumex crispus (curled dock): pathological findings and application of scanning electron microscopy.A case of fatal poisoning due to ingestion of the plant rumex crispus (curled dock) is described. The patient, a 53-year-old male, presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, severe hypocalcemia, metabolic acidosis and acute hepatic insufficiency. Despite therapeutic measures, the patient died 72 h after ingestion of the plant material. Noteworthy among the pathological findings were centrolobular hepatic necrosis and birefringent crystals in the liver and kidneys that were identified by histochemical techniques and scanning electron microscopy. These observations are compared with other reports in the medical literature, with an emphasis on the risk involved in the use of these plants for culinary or medicinal purposes.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.75keywords = plant (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/10. Toxicological problems resulting from exposure to traditional remedies and food supplements.The National poisons Unit, london, carried out a pilot survey to investigate the frequency and severity of adverse effects/toxicity from exposure to traditional medicines and food supplements reported to the Unit. Enquiries related to suspected poisoning events were reviewed retrospectively from January 1983 to March 1989, and prospectively in 1991. Further information about cases identified by the prospective review was obtained, when appropriate, by follow-up questionnaire, clinical consultation by a consultant toxicologist, toxicological analyses of samples from patients and from products, and botanical identification of dried plant material. In total, 5536 enquiries were identified. Symptoms were reported in 657 (12%) of these. There was a large number of reports of accidental ingestion of vitamin preparations by children under 5 years. Appropriate assessment was possible in only relatively few cases, due to insufficient documentation, and poor labelling of certain products. A probable link between exposure and adverse effects was identified in 42 cases, and was highly probable in two. Heavy metal poisoning resulting from use of contaminated traditional remedies was confirmed in 5 cases. There was evidence that some patients took excessive doses of food supplements, without realising that this might result in toxic effects. The results of this pilot study suggest that there is a need for further surveillance to provide an appropriate risk assessment of food supplements and herbal remedies, improved quality control and labelling of these products, and increased awareness of their potential hazard.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = plant (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/10. Acute arsine intoxication as a consequence of metal burnishing operations.The report concerns a 30-year-old factory worker, employed in a small galvanizing plant for over ten years in the burnishing, copper- and nickel-plating of small metal articles for the shoe industry. Acute arsine poisoning was attributed to the use of a dilute solution of CuSO4 (3%), HCl (32%), and As2O3 (2%) for burnishing metal (Fe-Zn) shoelace eyelet holes, in the absence of local exhaust ventilation and with no respiratory protection. Arsine caused severe intravascular hemolysis with a rapid drop in hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. Other body organs were involved as a result of the hypoxic effect of anemia and hemolysis, or as a direct toxic effect of the arsine itself. Our experience confirms that exchange transfusion is capable of rapidly arresting the adverse effects of arsine. The importance of preventive measures and worker information to avoid acute arsine poisoning is emphasized.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = plant (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/10. Prognostic implications of hyperkalemia in toad toxin intoxication.The toad possesses several toxic substances. Toad toxin poisoning manifests itself primarily with digitalis-like, cardioactive effects which results in bradycardia, varying degrees of atrio-ventricular block, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and sudden death. We report a cluster poisoning in a family who became intoxicated after ingestion of cooked toad soup for a skin problem. The youngest one (15 months old) died of refractory bradydyarrhythmias soon after arriving at our hospital. A second child (20 months old), who survived, arrived in shock with hyperkalemia (potassium 7.3 mEq/ L) and varying degrees of atrio-ventricular block. She was successfully treated with atropine, lidocaine, and cardioversion, and had a transvenous temporary pacemaker implanted for 1 day. The third boy (16 years old) had hyperkalemia (potassium 6.3 mEq/L) and bradycardia. The remaining three adults had only mild symptoms of nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea and a sensation of numbness over their oral mucosa. We found that the level of serum potassium had prognostic implications in toad intoxication. Determination of serum potassium level is readily available in almost every hospital and is therefore more convenient to measure than serum digoxin level. We conclude that if hyperkalemia develops, the treatment of toad intoxication must be more aggressive to prevent mortality.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.25keywords = plant (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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