1/12. Emotional factors in juvenile diabetes mellitus: a study of the early life experiences of eight diabetic children.The developmental history of eight diabetic children was compared with that of their nondiabetic siblings. On the basis of data obtained through interviews with the children and their families, as well as a chart review, we advance the hypothesis that an as yet unspecified metabolic "pre-diabetic" pathophysiological condition may be reflected in disturbances of appetite, satiation and weight regulation appearing early in life in those children who may later develop clinical diabetes mellitus. We further hypothesize that these dysfunctions are accompanied by a disturbance in important psychological developmental processes, compounding the liability a physiologically susceptible individual suffers. The results are discussed in terms of previous psychosomatic research.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/12. Type 1 diabetes and prediabetic state in a monozygotic triplet.Type 1 diabetes mellitus (IDDM) results from a chronic process of autoimmune destruction of beta cells of the Langerhans islets. The presence of autoantibodies (ICA, GADA, anti-IA2, IAA) in serum precedes the clinical onset of the disease. Genetic predisposition for IDDM is connected with HLA, CTLA-4 and insulin gene region. The aim of the study was the genetic and immunological analysis of a triplet. One of them developed Type 1 diabetes mellitus. We analysed HLA class II, CTLA-4 and insulin gene polymorphisms in the whole family. Besides, we investigated immunological status of three brothers. All patients present identical genotype for VNTR loci: D1S80, D17S5 and Apo B, as well as for HLA-DRB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, CTLA-4 gene and all studied insulin gene polymorphisms. That proves their monozigosity. The triplet presents strong genetic predisposition for IDDM. The two patients without overt diabetes have increased levels of ICA, GADA, IA2 and IAA.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.4keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/12. Early detection of infantile pre-type 1 diabetes case with transient hyperglycemia.The patient was an infant with transient hyperglycemia and decreased endogenous insulin secretion on intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) with the appearance of IA-2 autoantibodies (IA-2Ab), and we speculated that he was in the prediabetes stage. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported to be diagnosed as type 1 diabetes prior to clinical onset in japan.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/12. Ocular palsies in children with diabetes mellitus.The findings in three children with ocular palsies are reported in this paper. Two had insulin-requiring diabetes and one demonstrated only an abnormal I.V. glucose tolerance test. In the first patient the condition resolved in four weeks; in the second it had not fully resolved after 21 months, and in the third patient surgery was required for correction after seven months. We suggest that any child who develops a sudden ocular palsy should be examined for diabetes mellitus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/12. Pre-diabetes.Pre-diabetes is the situation of having chronically high blood sugars but not meeting diagnostic criteria for diabetes. Many steps can be taken to delay or prevent the onset of diabetes in people with this condition. In general, the aviation medical examiner can issue a certificate to these airmen, but HbA1c readings greater than 6.0 should prompt further workup. The use of medications for pre-diabetes (such as metformin or acarbose) will require the submission of clinical information to the Aerospace Medical certification Division.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.6keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/12. The pancreas in idiopathic Addison's disease--a search for a prediabetic pancreas.autopsy pancreases were studied from 14 patients who had idiopathic Addison's disease. One patient had been diabetic for 12 years and three patients were found to be diabetic during their terminal admission. While there was no evidence of diabetes or destruction of insulin-secreting beta cells in the remaining 10 patients, islets in one pancreas exhibited many of the histological and immunohistochemical features seen in the patients with recent onset diabetes. These included the presence of alpha-interferon in endocrine cells, hyper-expression of class I major histocompatibility complex molecules by endocrine cells in islets where alpha-interferon was also present, aberrant expression of class II major histocompatibility complex molecules by endocrine cells and the presence of insulitis. Since the combination of these changes has only been described in type 1 diabetes it is thought that the appearances seen in this pancreas were those of prediabetes.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.8keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/12. Prediction of type 1 diabetes mellitus--a report on three cases.In three children (patients 1, 2 and 3) insulin-dependency was predicted 28, 32 and 4 months, respectively before the disease became clinically manifest, by the finding of islet cell antibodies at that time. These retrospective findings support the evidence for a long pre-diabetic phase in childhood diabetes, marked by the presence of islet cell antibodies, as well as the linkage of HLA-antigens to the susceptibility to this disease. The possibility of detecting pre-diabetic states in children before the endogenous insulin secretion decreases to the point of producing clinical symptoms support efforts by basic scientists to develop techniques for immunological intervention early in the course of the disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/12. Evidence for a long prediabetic period in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.In a prospective investigation of the prediabetic period before onset of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes, HLA genotypes were determined in 582 healthy parents and siblings of 160 affected children. Islet cell antibody was sought by both the conventional (ICA-IgG) and the complement fixation (CF-ICA) techniques during regular prospective observation over a mean period of 2.0 years. 4 siblings and 2 parents became diabetic; the interval before detection of any biochemical abnormality exceeded a year in 4 of these (range 3-30 months), and in all cases ICA-IgG was positive from the outset, CF-ICA being positive in 5. These observations suggest that the initiation of pathogenesis may precede the abrupt clinical onset of diabetes by several years, even in children. This has important implications, both for research and for possible future prophylaxis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/12. Extensive congenital malformations in two siblings. Maternal pre-diabetes or a new syndrome?Two sibs with similar and unusual abnormalities (skeletal malformations, cheilognatopalatoschizis, ear dysplasia, heart malformation) are described. The question as to whether these cases represent a previously undescribed recessive syndrome is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.8keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/12. Transient posterior subcapsular lens opacities in diabetes mellitus.In three patients with transient cataracts the lenticular opacities were feathery in nature, and posterior subcapsular in location. They appeared to emanate from a dense central posterior subcapsular plaque. These opacities were examined with the slit lamp and documented photographically. The onset of cataract was abrupt in all three patients, and resolved over a three- to 36-day period. Two patients had bilateral reversible cataracts, and in one of these patients the lenticular opacities were recurrent. Two of the patients had been taking oral corticosteroids. Temporary cataracts have been previously reported in patients with poor diabetic control. diabetes mellitus had been diagnosed in only one of our patients. Three-hour glucose tolerance testing of the other two patients disclosed mildly increased one-hour blood glucose levels. We believe that reversible lens opacities may occur in subclinical diabetes mellitus with normal or only mildly increased blood glucose levels.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = diabetes (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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