1/5. Adverse reaction to dental corticosteroids.The case of an 18-year-old woman who experienced prominent, episodic cognitive dysfunction and affective symptoms, which coincided with a brief administration of dexamethasone, has been presented. Because her symptoms were subtle and intermittent, and because she was no longer taking corticosteroids when she sought medical attention, the diagnosis of a corticosteroid-induced mental disorder was delayed. This case demonstrates the need for heightened awareness, among all practitioners, of the effects of corticosteroids on mental functions. Because it is not possible to predict who will experience mental disturbances with even small doses of corticosteroids, all patients (and their families, if possible) should be informed about the possibility of adverse reactions. dentists and physicians need to weigh the risks and benefits of corticosteroid therapy carefully. Clinicians also should be suspicious of psychiatric disturbances in proximity to corticosteroid use (i.e., even in a patient who is not taking corticosteroids, but who has a history of corticosteroid treatment).- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mental disorder (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/5. Organic mental disorders associated with bupropion in three patients.bupropion hydrochloride is a phenylaminoketone antidepressant whose clinical pharmacology is poorly understood. Part of bupropion's action may be attributed to inhibition of dopamine reuptake that may induce organic mental disorders in certain susceptible patients. We report three cases of organic mental disorders in patients receiving bupropion hydrochloride for treatment of the depressed phase of their bipolar-type mood instability. The organic mental disorders that occurred in these patients were characterized largely by visual disturbances--visual hallucinations and visual illusions--although one patient also experienced auditory hallucinations. The patients' use of concomitant medications and potential drug interactions are carefully evaluated and the literature on bupropion's ability to induce organic mental disorders is reviewed. We suggest a number of possible mediating mechanisms for these syndromes including dose-related dopaminergic augmentation, accumulation of toxic metabolites, predisposition to psychosis, and drug interactions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 8keywords = mental disorder (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/5. Acute delusional parasitosis under treatment with ciprofloxacin.ciprofloxacin-induced psychoses have been described in some case reports, occurring sometimes in multi-morbid or personality disordered patients, but also in healthy subjects. We present a case of a 45-year-old man without previous mental disorder, who developed an acute delusional parasitosis after administration of ciprofloxacin. After discontinuation of ciprofloxacin, a complete and sustained remission could be observed within a few days, without the use of any psychopharmacologic medication. Possible modes of action are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mental disorder (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/5. Criminal responsibility in amphetamine psychosis.Historical changes in forensic psychiatric evaluation on criminal responsibility and proceedings in psychopathological findings of amphetamine psychosis are reviewed at first. The classification of amphetamine related mental disorders are proposed in 6 types. Among them, the clinical characteristics and psychopathological features of "anxiety-situational reaction type" (Fukushima) are described. According to some reasonable grounds, offenders diagnosed as anxiety-situational reaction type should be evaluated as diminished responsibility in place of irresponsibility. Finally, two cases of murder committed under the influence of amphetamine, are reported in detail.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mental disorder (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/5. Behavioural sensitisation and steroid-induced psychosis.As yet, there is no satisfactory model with which to understand steroid-induced mental disorder. It is suggested that a case of prednisone-induced psychosis in an adolescent female with Crohn's disease can be best understood in terms of behavioural sensitisation to steroid therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = mental disorder (Clic here for more details about this article) |