1/10. Small intestinal infarction: a fatal complication of systemic oxalosis.Primary hyperoxaluria is a rare genetic disorder characterised by calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis leading to renal failure, often with extra-renal oxalate deposition (systemic oxalosis). Although ischaemic complications of crystal deposition in vessel walls are well recognised clinically, these usually take the form of peripheral limb or cutaneous ischaemia. This paper documents the first reported case of fatal intestinal infarction in a 49 year old woman with systemic oxalosis and advocates its consideration in the differential diagnosis of an acute abdomen in such patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ischaemia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/10. Portal venous air in an adult patient with obstructive small bowel volvulus.BACKGROUND: diagnosis of small bowel volvulus is frequently delayed often resulting in bowel ischaemia and infarction and impairing clinical outcome. Instant and correct diagnosis and subsequent adequate surgery may improve the outcome. methods: We describe a 19-year-old female with small bowel obstruction due to volvulus in whom the diagnosis was suspected based on the finding of air in the bowel wall and in the portal vein on a plain abdominal radiograph. CONCLUSIONS: air, present in the portal vein and bowel wall on a plain abdominal X-ray, suggests bowel ischaemia or necrosis and that the need for laparotomy is urgent.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = ischaemia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/10. CT in acute mesenteric ischaemia.Enhanced computed tomography (CT) is frequently performed for possible bowel ischaemia. It has the distinct advantage of possible detection of the causes of ischaemia. Radiologists therefore need to be familiar with the spectrum of diagnostic CT signs. We present the CT imaging findings in surgically proven cases of small bowel ischaemia. In addition to signs pertaining to the underlying aetiological pathology, bowel dilatation, bowel wall thickening, mural gas, occlusion of mesenteric vessels, ascites and infarct of other abdominal organs were observed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = ischaemia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/10. Systemic multiple aneurysms of the extracranial internal carotid artery, intracranial vertebral artery, and visceral arteries: case report.A rare case of systemic multiple aneurysms located in the extracranial internal carotid artery, intracranial vertebral artery, and intraperitonial arteries is described. A 56-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with suspected rupture of an aneurysm of the right extracranial internal carotid artery. Digital subtraction angiography demonstrated a giant aneurysm in the right extracranial internal carotid artery and an aneurysm of fusiform type of the left intracranial vertebral artery. The extracranial carotid artery aneurysm was successfully resected, with end-to-end anastomosis of the internal carotid artery, preserving the cranial nerves. Five days later, an aneurysm of the left hepatic artery ruptured unexpectedly and was treated with emergency surgery. Other aneurysms in the liver and spleen were identified on postoperative celiac angiography. The patient subsequently underwent an operation for a left intracranial vertebral artery aneurysm by proximal clipping.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.8704342309408keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/10. Is neuroborreliosis a medical emergency?Although lyme disease affects the nervous system in many ways (collectively known as neuroborreliosis), only rarely does it present as a medical emergency. In extreme cases, it may cause (1) encephalitis, (2) a rapidly progressive peripheral neuropathy, or (3) a painful truncal radiculopathy that may be confused with a severe visceral process. Knowing when to consider this spirochetosis in the differential diagnosis requires an understanding of its true clinical spectrum, and of an appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approach.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 99.505625062814keywords = neuropathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/10. Thoracoabdominal radiculopathy.Thoracic nerve root dysfunction (TNRD) manifested as abdominal pain is an infrequently reported condition. We present data on six patients who had chronic intermittent thoracoabdominal pain originating in the back. Diabetes and osteoarthritis of the spine were the chief causes of these symptoms. The electromyogram in all patients showed changes consistent with an acute radiculopathy. All patients responded to anti-inflammatory therapy in combination with phenytoin, carbamazepine, amitriptyline, or local nerve block. TNRD is a condition that may be diagnosed earlier if clinical suspicion is increased, thus sparing patients excessive testing and surgery, and affording quicker relief.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5.7408684618815keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/10. syndrome of the rectus abdominis muscle mimicking the acute abdomen.The syndrome of the rectus abdominis muscle is a disorder of unknown etiology that produces rupture or tear of the epigastric artery, and stretches the rectus cutaneous medialis nerve, producing excruciating pain. The disorder is misdiagnosed in 60% to 93% of cases. We report two cases that presented as acute abdomen. One helpful diagnostic test was the lidocaine test, accomplished by subcutaneous injection of lidocaine into the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle near the rectus cutaneous medialis nerve; the procedure provided immediate pain relief and the patients remained asymptomatic. In addition to helping establish a diagnosis quickly the lidocaine test may spare the patient the unnecessary morbidity or mortality of more invasive procedures.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5.7408684618815keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/10. syndrome of the rectus abdominis muscle: A peripheral neurological condition causing abdominal diagnostic problems.Four cases of a painful abdominal syndrome are presented, the pain occurring in the distribution of the medial cutaneous branch of the 7th--12th intercostal nerves. The diagnosis presents difficulties because of severe abdominal pain. In 2 cases the clinical observations were corroborated by EMG findings. The symptoms, physical manifestations, mode of development and therapy are described. The term proposed for the condition is: syndrome of the rectus abdominis Muscle.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.8704342309408keywords = nerve (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/10. Acute abdominal complications of systemic lupus erythematosus.Four patients with acute abdominal complications of systemic lupus erythematosus requiring laparotomy are presented. The complications consisted of intestinal ischaemia, without perforation, in 3 patients and omental infarction in the fourth. In 2 patients the abdominal emergency was the first manifestation of the collagen disease. Tissue removed from 3 patients showed a marked vasculitis on histological examination. The pathogenesis and management of acute abdominal complications of systemic lupus erythematosus are discussed and the literature reviewed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = ischaemia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/10. Left paraduodenal hernia leading to ileal obstruction.Left paraduodenal hernias are a rare cause of abdominal pain or obstruction. However, because there is high associated mortality (20 %), prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential. Because internal hernias are not detectable on physical examination, imaging is relied upon for pre-operative diagnosis. Although both computed tomography and barium studies demonstrate left paraduodenal hernias as a cluster of bowel located posterior to the stomach and to the left of the distal duodenum with absence of the normal interdigitation between loops, the findings may be subtle. knowledge of these findings can avoid an unnecessary delay in diagnosis. We present the case of a 15-year-old girl with a left paraduodenal hernia, where initial CT and barium studies demonstrated nonobstructed jejunum within the hernia sac. Two weeks later a repeat study showed obstructed distal ileum, rather than proximal jejunum, within the sac.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 8.2242452151682keywords = posterior (Clic here for more details about this article) |
| | Next -> |