1/26. Apneustic breathing in children with brainstem damage due to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.To confirm the presence of apneusis in patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and to clarify which factors influence their respiratory patterns, polygraphic studies were performed on two patients. Apneusis was clinically suspected in both patients who had severe brainstem damage. In one subject, inputs of vagal afferents from the gastrointestinal tract and the urinary bladder often resulted in extreme tachypnea instead of apneusis. lung inflation facilitated expiration during inspiratory arrest. Expiration preceded a periodic inhibition of rigospastic discharge in the right biceps muscle. In the other subject, prolonged inspiratory pauses with cyanosis occurred with or without preceding epileptic seizure. Both phenytoin dose reduction and treatment with tandospirone, a serotonin-1A agonist, were effective in improving the respiratory distress in this subject.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tachypnea (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/26. Disordered respiration as a levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease.Symptomatic respiratory disturbance as a consequence of levodopa (L-dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) has been described only rarely and may be underrecognized in clinical practice. We report on two patients with PD in whom the introduction or augmentation of L-dopa therapy was associated with the development of irregular and rapid breathing. Analysis of breathing patterns before and after L-dopa demonstrated a striking change in respiratory rate after administration of L-dopa, with the emergence of irregular tachypnea alternating with brief periods of apnea, in a pattern consistent with a central origin. In both cases, the temporal relationship of the respiratory disturbance to the administration of L-dopa suggested a peak-dose drug effect. Previous reports of L-dopa-induced respiratory dyskinesia are reviewed, and the potential mechanisms whereby L-dopa might influence the central control of respiration to produce irregular breathing patterns are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = tachypnea (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/26. Sudden death of an infant with prader-willi syndrome--not a unique case?Only in the recent past has prader-willi syndrome (PWS) also been diagnosed in newborns and infants, and the first descriptions of respiratory disturbances in young, not yet obese patients have been published only recently. We report an infant with PWS and respiratory problems, who suffered sudden death. To our knowledge, this is the first such case. In order to avoid fatalities, it seems mandatory to monitor respiratory function in infants with PWS and to suspect PWS in all hypotonic newborns to determine the frequency of the syndrome more accurately, and, more importantly, to diagnose PWS at an earlier stage in order to take appropriate measures.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 9.0594948205131E-5keywords = newborn (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/26. Embolization of hepatic hemangiomas in infants.A small number of cavernous liver hemangiomas in infants cause serious symptoms, requiring active treatment. We report two newborns with giant liver hemangiomas, treated by intra-arterial embolization. The babies presented at 2 - 8 days after birth with tachypnoea and cardiac dilation. A giant liver hemangioma located in the right liver lobe in one infant and in the left liver lobe in the other was found at ultrasonography and computed tomography. Dilated liver veins indicated abnormal shunting of the blood through the hemangiomas. Because of progress of symptoms superselective embolization of the arteries feeding the hemangiomas and arising from the celiac trunk was performed with a mixture of Lipoidol and Histoacryl. A decrease of tachypnoea and of heart volume was noted after embolization. In one infant surgery was necessary due to gastrointestinal bleeding. The intra-arterial embolization is a valuable method for the treatment of newborns with symptomatic cavernous liver hemangiomas.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 9.0594948205131E-5keywords = newborn (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/26. Familial neonatal pneumothorax associated with transient tachypnea of the newborn.We describe neonatal spontaneous pneumothorax associated with transient tachypnea of the newborn in siblings of two families. Familial spontaneous pneumothorax is extremely rare in neonates. Was our observation just an incidental finding, or is there a familial predisposition to spontaneous pneumothorax?- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5.0002603261347keywords = tachypnea, newborn, transient (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/26. An infant with trisomy 21 and tachypnea.A 4-month-old infant with trisomy 21 is brought to the emergency department for breathing difficulty. Subsequently, he is diagnosed with a Morgagni diaphragmatic hernia. Tachypnea in an infant with trisomy 21 may be the result of diagnosis such as congenital heart disease, infectious processes, structural anomalies, or aspiration secondary to gastroesophageal reflux or swallowing dysfunction. knowledge of these abnormalities is important when generating a differential diagnosis in these patients. Although uncommon, a Morgagni hernia may present beyond the newborn period and should be considered when evaluating an infant with trisomy 21 and respiratory difficulty.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4.0000452974741keywords = tachypnea, newborn (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/26. A teenage girl with extreme tachypnea.dyspnea and tachypnea are common presenting complaints in an emergency department. Respiratory and cardiac causes are the most common etiology. Functional respiratory disorders should be considered in patients with atypical presentation to avoid extensive investigations. We describe an adolescent who presented to our emergency department with extreme tachypnea.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = tachypnea (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/26. prenatal diagnosis of episodic tachypnea in an infant with OFD VI.Episodic tachypnea is a typical neonatal presentation of Joubert syndrome, but may also occur in infants with other anomalies of the cerebellar vermis. Even though fetuses at risk for Joubert syndrome are usually closely followed by ultrasound, this respiratory pattern has only once been described prenatally. We describe a patient who presented prenatally with posterior meningocele, Dandy-Walker cyst, and four limb polydactyly on ultrasound. amniocentesis showed a normal male karyotype and normal 7DHC. At 31 weeks, episodic fetal tachypnea was noted on ultrasound. The working diagnosis was Joubert syndrome or oro-facio-digital syndrome type VI (OFD VI). At birth, in addition to the findings noted prenatally, he had multiple nodules of his tongue, a Y-shaped metacarpal and micropenis. His respiratory pattern was notable for alternating tachypnea and apnea with respiratory rates up to 200 followed by apnea and bradycardia. Magnetic resonance image showed Dandy-Walker with massive 4th ventricle, complete absence of the cerebellar vermis, hypoplastic brainstem, and small meningocele. Development is profoundly delayed and he remains ventilator dependent. Both the previously described Joubert patient with prenatally recognized tachypnea, and our patient are atypical for Joubert syndrome since they have polydactyly (which occurs in only 8% of Joubert patients) and hamartomas of the tongue (which occur in 2%). Despite the tongue hamartomas, these patients are not entirely typical for OFD VI, since their polydactyly is postaxial. The observation of prenatal tachypnea in these two patients, but not in typical Joubert patients, suggests they have either a variant of OFD VI or a new Joubert or OFD-like syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 9keywords = tachypnea (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/26. An infant with tachypnea.The purpose of this case report is to illustrate the diagnostic difficulties of congestive heart failure in an infant. When presenting to the emergency department, these patients are often evaluated for sepsis, congenital heart disease, metabolic disorders, and myocarditis. We report a case of a 3(1/2)-month-old male who presented to the pediatric emergency department with congestive heart failure. He was found to have vitamin d deficiency rickets induced cardiomyopathy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = tachypnea (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/26. Asymptomatic rhabdomyolysis of unknown etiology.A 7-year-old boy developed rhabdomyolysis with a peak creatine phosphokinase level of 261,400 IU/L after his appendectomy. These abnormalities occurred following a 2-3-day illness consisting of upper respiratory tract symptoms, fever, and abdominal pain mimicking acute appendicitis. At the time of operation, a normal appendix was removed, and mesenteric lymphadenitis was noted. The myoglobinuria and elevation of creatine phosphokinase were transient, and the patient remained asymptomatic. We review various causes of right lower quadrant pain and rhabdomyolysis and address the roles of malignant hyperthermia and infectious agents. The possible cause of the phenomena observed in this patient is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6.7677528371081E-6keywords = transient (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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