1/9. Molecular evidence of field cancerization in a patient with 7 tumors of the aerodigestive tract.Exposure of the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract to carcinogens can induce genetic changes resulting in various independent clones of neoplastic growth, a concept defined as "field cancerization." The risk of developing multiple tumors in this compartment of the body is well established. We studied 6 distinct tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract of a single patient for loss of heterozygosity (LOH), microsatellite instability (MSI), p53 mutations, and K-ras codon 12 point mutations. We detected a unique pattern of LOH and p53 mutations in all 6 tumors. No tumor showed a K-ras mutation or MSI. The results support the mechanism of "field cancerization" and illustrate the potential power of molecular techniques to elucidate pathogenesis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = cancer (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/9. Historical cohort study of US man-made vitreous fiber production workers: II. mortality from mesothelioma.As part of our ongoing mortality surveillance program for the US man-made vitreous fiber (MMVF) industry, we examined mortality from malignant mesothelioma using data from our 1989 follow-up of 3478 rock/slag wool workers and our 1992 follow-up of 32,110 fiberglass workers. A manual search of death certificates for 1011 rock/slag wool workers and 9060 fiberglass workers revealed only 10 death certificates with any mention of the word "mesothelioma." A subsequent review of medical records and pathology specimens for 3 of the 10 workers deemed two deaths as definitely not due to mesothelioma and one as having a 50% chance of being caused by mesothelioma. Two other deaths, for which only medical records were available, were given less than a 50% chance of being due to mesothelioma. Eight of the 10 decedents had potential occupational asbestos exposure inside or outside the MMVF industry. We also estimated the mortality risk from malignant mesothelioma in the cohort using two cause-of-death categorizations that included both malignant and benign coding rubrics. Using the more comprehensive scheme, we observed overall deficits in deaths among the total cohort and fiberglass workers and an overall excess among rock/slag wool workers. The excess in respiratory system cancer is largely a reflection of elevated lung cancer risks that we attributed mainly to confounding by smoking, to exposures outside the MMVF industry to agents such as asbestos, or to one or more of the several co-exposures present in many of the study plants (including asbestos). The second scheme, which focused on pleural mesothelioma in time periods when specific malignant mesothelioma coding rubrics were available, classified only one cohort death as being caused by malignant mesothelioma, compared with 2.19 expected deaths (local county comparison). We conclude that the overall mortality risk from malignant mesothelioma does not seem to be elevated in the US MMVF cohort.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.33333333333333keywords = cancer (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/9. Solitary fibrous tumor of the upper respiratory tract. A report of six cases.We report six cases of a neoplasm that arose in the upper respiratory tract and had a histological appearance indistinguishable from that of solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFT, so-called fibrous mesothelioma). The patients were adults who presented with nasal obstruction. The lesions lacked the characteristic features of other recognized neoplasms that occur in this region. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for vimentin but not for keratin. The occurrence of SFT in this location further supports the argument that SFT is a tumor of mesenchymal and not mesothelial origin. None of the tumors in this series had the histologic features of malignancy described for SFT in other locations, and there was no aggressive behavior in limited follow-up. Until more cases of SFT in unusual locations have been studied, we recommend that the same criteria used for assessing aggressiveness in SFT of the pleura be applied to them.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.1238735192817keywords = neoplasm (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/9. Mediastinal and hilar lymphadenopathy as the only manifestation of metastatic carcinoma of the cervix.Hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy are sometimes the only radiological manifestation of metastatic disease from extrathoracic neoplasms. This association has not been previously described with carcinoma of the cervix. We report two patients in whom hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement represented the first evidence of tumor recurrence.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.061936759640852keywords = neoplasm (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/9. Cumulative exposure to arsenic and its relationship to respiratory cancer among copper smelter employees.To explore the role of arsenic as a human carcinogen, the respiratory cancer mortality experience (1938 to 1977) of 8,045 while male smelter employees in montana was examined relative to cumulative exposure to arsenic trioxide and was compared with that of the white male population of the same region. Exposure to arsenic was estimated for various work areas from industrial hygiene reports of average concentrations present in the smelter. Respiratory cancer mortality was analyzed further by time period of first employment and maximum lifetime exposure to arsenic trioxide. When exposure was estimated with arithmetic means of measured concentrations among men first employed prior to 1925, respiratory cancer mortality increased linearly with increasing cumulative exposure group, ranging from two to nine times expected; among those first employed in the period 1925 to 1947 it also increased linearly with increasing cumulative exposure group.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.1666666666667keywords = cancer (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/9. sputum cytologic diagnosis of upper respiratory tract cancer.sputum cytologic testing has been applied in the screening of high-risk individuals for presymptomatic lung cancer. This same screening procedure sometimes identifies patients with upper respiratory tract cancers and thereby may permit earlier treatment. patients enrolled in the Mayo lung Project undergo sputum cytologic and chest roentgenographic screening at four-month intervals and are compared with matched controls who are not intensively screened. Experience to date indicates an incidence rate of approximately 1 per 1,000 per year of cancer in the upper respiratory and alimentary passages among males more than 45 years old who are heavy cigarette smokers. This compares with a rate of approximately 4 per 1,000 per year of lung cancer. Recognition of early cancer of the upper respiratory tract is an additional benefit of screening for lung cancer. Since cigarette smoking represents an etiologic agent common to both upper and lower respiratory tract cancers, tumors should be searched for in both sites in this high-risk population.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.8333333333333keywords = cancer (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/9. immunosuppression and the development of malignancies of the upper airway and related structures.In the general population, 90% of the malignancies developing in the upper respiratory tract are squamous cell carcinomas. Analysis of 1081 neoplasms in 1023 renal transplant patients reported to the Denver Transplant Tumor Registry indicates that squamous cell carcinoma remains the predominant malignancy which develops in the upper respiratory tract of immunosuppressed individuals. Comparing the incidence of cancers of the oral cavity (excluding lip cancers) in the immunosuppressed population with the general population it is rather similar (3.5% vs. 4%). When lip cancers are included, one sees a great excess of tumors developing in transplant patients (15% vs. 4.6%). Thus the excess of head an neck epithelial malignancies among these patients is confined to neoplasms of the lip. Examination of the 25 patients reported in this study reveals an unusually young age of the patients, the average age being 41.8 years compared with the general population where most head an neck tumors occur in the 55-65 age group. The average time post-transplantation when cancer developed was 5.3 years, supporting the concept that the more effective the immunosuppressive regimen for prevention of graft rejection, the greater the susceptibility for the development of cancer. Since 90% of transplant patients have serological or clinical evidence of active herpes virus infection, it is possible that this microorganism may play a role in the development of certain head and neck malignancies, especially those involving the lips.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.95720685261504keywords = cancer, neoplasm (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/9. Familial respiratory tract cancer. Opportunities for research and prevention.Case studies of two families with lung and other respiratory tract cancers were investigated. Consenting family members underwent comprehensive evaluation, including physical examination, routine laboratory studies, pulmonary function testing, sputum cytology analysis, and lymphocyte karyotyping. In both families, the environmental influence of smoking and, to a lesser extent, occupational exposures were evident risks. Both families had members with multiple primary malignant neoplasms and probably radiogenic cancers, suggestive of inherent predisposition to environmentally induced neoplasia. Furthermore, one family had a newly recognized syndrome of limb and dental anomalies, and, independently, two members were carriers of a balanced translocation between chromosomes 13 and 14. Efforts were made to prevent further respiratory cancer deaths, to search for laboratory markers of risk, and to store blood and tissue specimens for assays in development.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2286034263075keywords = cancer, neoplasm (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/9. Surgical management of pulmonary carcinoma secondary to recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a rare, but acknowledged, risk factor for pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma. Although previous reports suggest a poor prognosis for lung cancer associated with papillomatosis, we have successfully treated 1 such patient, who presented with three synchronous pulmonary malignancies, using parenchyma-sparing resection techniques.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = cancer (Clic here for more details about this article) |