1/25. Congenital retinal arterial loops and spontaneous vitreous haemorrhage: a case report.This report describes a case of unilateral spontaneous vitreous haemorrhage associated with congenital retinal arterial loops.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/25. Long-term follow-up of idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy without laser.PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to observe the varied types of manifestations in the fundus of patients with idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (ICSC) without laser treatment and also to assess the ultimate visual outcome in such cases in a long-term follow-up ranging from 7 to 23 years. methods: This study is confined to 5 selected cases of ICSC which fairly represent the different types of late stage manifestations of the disease in the fundus. Case records from our hospital, as well as available records of previous treatment elsewhere were reviewed. A complete ophthalmological examination, routine laboratory investigations and fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) were repeated in each case on the day of final evaluation. RESULTS: Pigmentary disturbances in the macular area resembling to some extent age-related macular degeneration (AMD), extensive retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) atrophy and macular haemorrhage have been observed in the fundus of the reviewed cases. CONCLUSIONS: ICSC runs an unpredictable course and there are no definitive clinical clues to predict its ultimate outcome. recurrence of the condition is a possibility for a considerable period of time.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/25. Neuro-ophthalmic sarcoidosis.sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder in which ocular involvement occurs in about one-quarter and neurosarcoidosis in 7 per cent of patients. When the retina is involved, the reported incidence of central nervous system sarcoidosis is 37 per cent. The patient described had a transient papular eruption of the legs, bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, polyarthralgia with knee effusions, and bilateral facial and peripheral neuropathy. Ocular involvement was characterized by anterior uveitis (in the initial stages), vitreous flare, bilateral disc oedema, macular oedema, streak haemorrhages, peripheral periphlebitis, nerve fibre bundle defects, and candle-wax spots. fluorescein angiography showed no fluorescence of the candle-wax spots nor of the adjacent vessels. However, there was hyperfluorescence of two retinal lesions. This patient had unilateral internal ophthalmoplegia, only three cases of which have been reported in the literature. Her health was restored by heavy, prolonged corticosteroid therapy. Her family history revealed that an uncle died of sarcoidosis complicated by cryptococcal meningitis. The literature on retinopathy in sarcoidosis is reviewed and the lesions noted in the posterior segment are listed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/25. Cilio-retinal arterial circulation in central retinal vein occlusion.The hypothesis that an occlusion of the central retinal artery is an essential prerequisite for haemorrhage formation after central retinal vein obstruction has been investigated by examining the fundus changes in patients with a cilio-retinal arterial circulation; the findings are at variance with the 'combined occlusion hypothesis'. Comparisons were made between the pathological features in two retinal capillary beds with independent sources of arterial supply--namely, the central retinal and cilio-retinal arteries--but with an obstructed venous drainage channel common to both--namely, the central retinal vein. The importance of intraluminal pressure changes (as distinct from perfusion changes) in the causation of haemorrhages and oedema after venous occlusion is stressed, and the role of arterial disease in the pathogenesis of venous occlusions is distinguished from its role in determining the sequelae of such occlusions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.4keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/25. A ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm presenting as subhyaloid haemorrhage.We report a case of ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm with overlying subhyaloid haemorrhage. Both subhyaloid haemorrhage and subsequently the macroaneurysm was treated with argon laser photocoagulation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.2keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/25. Retinal manifestations of ophthalmic artery hypoperfusion.ophthalmic artery hypoperfusion is a relatively uncommon clinical entity. This study illustrates the posterior segment findings of ophthalmic artery hypoperfusion in a series of nine patients. Colour photographs and relevant fluorescein angiograms highlighting the findings are shown. The retinal manifestations of ophthalmic artery hypoperfusion in this series of patients include midperipheral haemorrhages, dilated retinal veins, optic disk collaterals, optic disk neo-vascularization, cotton wool spots, grey intraretinal lesions, fundus pallor, optic disk swelling and choroidal infarcts. Recognition of the ophthalmic changes in this condition may lead to detection of carotid artery disease, the surgical and medical treatment of which has important bearing on patient management.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/25. Purtscher's retinopathy after fracture dislocation of shoulder joint.Purtscher described sudden blindness in patients with severe head trauma due to a remote retinopathy, characterised by bilateral retinal haemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and optic disc swelling seen on fundoscopy. A similar retinopathy has been reported in compressive chest trauma, long bone fractures, and acute pancreatitis. It is less well recognised that Purtscher's retinopathy can occur unilaterally and following less severe trauma. We present a case of unilateral remote traumatic retinal angiopathy following a fracture dislocation of the shoulder joint.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/25. Congenital macular macrovessels.BACKGROUND: Congenital aberrant macular vessels are rare and may cause visual impairment when crossing the fovea, when causing the formation of foveolar cysts, or when haemorrhage occurs. methods: From the records of patients with vascular anomalies seen at the Retina Department of the University Federico II in Naples from 1980 to 2005, we reviewed all cases presenting an abnormal, large, retinal vessel crossing the macular region. RESULTS: An anomalous macular macrovessel was present in 13 cases. Follow-up ranged from 3 months to 21 years (mean 14 years). In all cases the abnormal vessel was a vein, presenting a fluoroangiographic early filling and delayed emptying. In some cases there were microvascular bed anomalies, such as enlargement of the foveal avascular zone, focal capillary dilation, or microaneurysmal abnormalities. In one case late, mild, intraretinal staining along the anomalous vessel indicated retinal oedema. Visual impairment occurred in five eyes, being caused by a preretinal haemorrhage in one case and by the mere presence of the macrovessel in the foveal area in four cases, and had not improved at following controls. CONCLUSION: In the presence of an aberrant vessel crossing the macular region, visual acuity and ophthalmoscopic and fluoroangiographic findings tend to have remained stable at long-term follow-up.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.4keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/25. Vitreous haemorrhage in children.BACKGROUND: Vitreous haemorrhage in early childhood is rare and may cause few symptoms. history AND SIGNS: Three children (aged 1, 2 and 6 years) with no history of trauma, presented with squint or unreactive pupil. Unilateral dense vitreous haemorrhage was found in all three children. THERAPY AND OUTCOME: Rapid clearing of the vitreous opacities within a few weeks made surgical intervention unnecessary in two children. A 6-year-old boy underwent a vitrectomy. Thorough investigations revealed angle recession, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) scars and an orbital floor bone fracture, respectively, suggesting ocular trauma as the cause for the haemorrhage in all three cases. With early amblyopia treatment, the visual outcome was good. CONCLUSION: Trauma appears to be a likely cause for vitreous haemorrhage in small children. Even if there is a risk for the development of amblyopia, observation may be a reasonable approach in some cases, since even dense vitreous haemorrhage may resorb rapidly in young children.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.8keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/25. early diagnosis of the retinopathy of incontinentia pigmenti: successful treatment by cryotherapy.Prospective examination of the ocular fundi was carried out in the newborn female sibling of a girl with incontinentia pigmenti and bilateral retinopathy. At age 3 months the new baby's peripheral retina was found to be avascular in both eyes. At age 2 years progressive vascular proliferation at the watershed area between normal and abnormal retina led to bilateral vitreous haemorrhage. The new vessel tufts promptly regressed when the avascular area in each eye was treated by single-freeze cryotherapy and the blood in the vitreous absorbed. Cicatricial retinopathy was thereby prevented. Prospective retinal examination of newborn female siblings of children with incontinentia pigmenti is advised, with early cryotherapy recommended if progressive neovascularisation is detected.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.2keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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