1/14. Retinal venous macroaneurysm associated with premacular hemorrhage.To report an unusual association of a retinal venous macroaneurysm with premacular hemorrhage in a 50-year-old man, using a case report method. The patient exhibited a dense premacular hemorrhage in the left eye. fluorescein angiography demonstrated that the source of bleeding was an isolated retinal venous macroaneurysm. The anterior surface of the hematoma was opened with an argon green laser, resulting in rapid clearing of the premacular hemorrhage and improvement in vision. Treatment of the retina surrounding the macroaneurysm to prevent recurrence of bleeding was ineffective to achieve occlusion of the lesion. No recurrent hemorrhage occurred during the observation period. Retinal venous macroaneurysm, a quite rare condition, may be complicated by premacular hemorrhage. argon green laser may be useful in treating such hemorrhage. Hemorrhagic detachment of the internal limiting membrane or subhyaloid hemorrhage in the macula may occur after retinal vessel rupture with physical exertion (Valsalva retinopathy) or in retinal vascular diseases, such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and retinal arterial macroaneurysm. Arterial macroaneurysms are a common, well-described retinal vascular disorder. In contrast to retinal arterial macroaneurysms, retinal venous macroaneurysms are quite rare. In this article we describe a patient who presented with premacular hemorrhage that was caused by a retinal venous macroaneurysm. The hematoma and the macroaneurysm were treated with argon green laser.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vascular disease (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/14. Central retinal vein occlusion during remission of ulcerative colitis.BACKGROUND: Retinal vascular disease is a rare complication of ulcerative colitis. CASE: We report a patient who developed unilateral nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) (papillophlebitis) without any other retinal vascular disease during remission of ulcerative colitis. OBSERVATIONS: The best-corrected visual acuities were 1.5 OD and 0.7 OS. Dilated and tortuous retinal veins and retinal bleeding were seen in the left eye. macular edema and leakage from the papilla and the retinal veins of the left eye were evident on fluorescein angiography. After increased dosage of systemic prednisolone was prescribed, the retinal vascular changes resulting from CRVO (papillophlebitis) in the left eye gradually abated. CONCLUSIONS: Retinal vascular diseases should be monitored during both remission and activation of intestinal symptoms of ulcerative colitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = vascular disease (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/14. Cavernous haemangioma of the retina and optic disc. A report of three cases and a review of the literature.We report characteristics of three cases of cavernous haemangioma of the retina, bringing to 37 the number now reported in the available literature. This rare, benign, congenital malformation is non-progressive, usually unilateral, somewhat more frequent in women, and rarely a source of intraocular haemorrhage. The fluorescein angiographic features include a normal arterial and venous supply, extraordinarily slowed venous drainage, no arterio-venous shunting, no disturbances of vascular permeability, and no secondary retinal exudation. Almost always, isolated clusters of vascular globules with plasma/erythrocyte sedimentation surround the main body of the malformation. These findings differentiate the anomaly from other retinal vascular diseases. Therapeutic intervention is seldom necessary.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vascular disease (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/14. Acute angle-closure glaucoma resulting from spontaneous hemorrhagic retinal detachment in age-related macular degeneration: case reports and literature review.PURPOSE: Acute angle-closure glaucoma resulting from massive subretinal hemorrhage is a rare and catastrophic complication in age-related macular degeneration. Anticoagulant usage had been strongly correlated with this complication in previously reported cases. methods: Four patients (4 eyes), 3 men and 1 woman, developed angle-closure glaucoma with diffuse subretinal hemorrhage and total hemorrhagic retinal detachment. RESULTS: Serial funduscopic examinations and echographic studies in 2 eyes showed that the blood gradually accumulated in the subretinal space. It took more than 10 days for the bleeding to build up to bullous hemorrhagic retinal detachment and secondary glaucoma. Anti-glaucomatous agents were given and sclerotomy was performed in 3 of the 4 patients. Phthisical changes were observed subsequently in these 3 eyes. The eye that received early drainage of blood was an exception, and a small degree of residual acuity was retained. Three of the 4 patients had diabetes mellitus, and hypertension and vascular diseases were also present in the same 3 patients. CONCLUSIONS: diabetes mellitus might be a predisposing factor for the impaired hemostasis. Anti-glaucomatous agents were of no effect in the management of intraocular pressure. Sclerotomy and drainage of blood help control intraocular pressure and relieve ocular pain. Poor final visual acuity is inevitable. However, phthisical changes might be prevented with early sclerotomy and drainage of blood.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vascular disease (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/14. Isolated extra-cranial internal carotid artery aneurysm in a young adult with Eale's disease.A young male patient, a known case of Eale's disease presented with a large isolated aneurysm of the extra-cranial part of internal carotid artery. Detailed investigation failed to establish the etiology of the aneurysm, and it is possible that the underlying pathology may be the same as that of Eale's disease. Eale's disease is an idiopathic vascular disease of the peripheral retina and we hypothesize that aneurysm in this patient may be associated with Eale's disease of the eye.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vascular disease (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/14. Combined branch retinal artery and central retinal vein obstruction.We observed seven patients with the unusual combination of a central retinal vein obstruction in conjunction with a simultaneous branch retinal artery obstruction. The patients presented with sectoral retinal whitening, as well as diffuse peripapillary and superficial retinal hemorrhages. In five of the seven patients, the retinal hemorrhages appeared most florid in the territory of the obstructed arteriole, resulting initially in the consideration that these cases represented a combined branch retinal artery and branch retinal vein obstruction. In all cases, however, the presence of dilated, tortuous veins with diffuse retinal hemorrhages, in addition to generalized delay in arteriovenous transit on fluorescein angiography, localized the venous blockage to the central retinal vein. No intra-arterial retinal emboli were visualized. Initially, five of the seven patients suffered markedly diminished visual function; although visual acuity returned to near normal in all but two patients. In the two patients with non-resolving, markedly impaired visual acuity, neovascularization of the iris complicated the clinical course. Both of these patients were treated with panretinal photocoagulation, with resolution of the iris neovascularization. These seven patients highlight another variation of combined arterial and venous retinal vascular disease.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vascular disease (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/14. Massive hemorrhage complicating age-related macular degeneration. Clinicopathologic correlation and role of anticoagulants.Reported are 15 cases of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) complicated by massive subretinal and/or vitreous hemorrhage. Clinicopathologic correlation is presented in four of the seven cases studied histopathologically. Salient histologic findings include: subretinal and subretinal pigment epithelium (sub-RPE) fibrovascular scar in the posterior pole; discontinuities in Bruch's membrane with choroidal neovascularization; extensive hemorrhagic detachment of the RPE and sensory retina; and vitreous hemorrhage. In three cases, a choroidal artery, emerging from breaks in Bruch's membrane, had ruptured walls. The authors have reviewed the previously reported cases of AMD complicated by massive hemorrhage and found that 19% of the patients were taking Coumadin (warfarin) or aspirin treatment when the bleeding occurred. Forty percent had a positive history of systemic hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Although the occurrence of hypertension is expected in the aged population with AMD, use of anticoagulants or antithrombotics by such patients may predispose them to serious ocular hemorrhagic complications.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vascular disease (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/14. Macular hemorrhages associated with posterior vitreous detachment.We treated three patients with small, macular-area hemorrhages associated with posterior vitreous detachment. All patients were young and had no associated systemic illness or associated retinal vascular disease. visual acuity returned to normal without treatment as the hemorrhages resolved.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vascular disease (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/14. Acquired retinal macroaneurysms.Five patients with retinal macroaneurysms are described. The aneurysms may be an incidental finding or they may cause visual loss from retinal, preretinal and vitreous hemorrhages or from macular edema or exudation. The prognosis is good in those cases presenting with hemorrhage but is poorer in those with macular problems. Acquired aneurysms are found in older patients who are hypertensive or have vascular disease. We believe that retinal emboli play an important part in their development.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vascular disease (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/14. Exudative retinal detachment in hemoglobin sc disease.A 21-year-old black man with hemoglobin sc disease had a unilateral exudative retinal detachment. A large area of sea fan neovascularization was identified in this eye at the superotemporal border of the detachment; no retinal holes were present. Following closure of the neovascularization by argon laser photocoagulation using feeder vessel technique, the retina flattened and the exudation cleared. However, multiple holes developed in thin ischemic retina at foci of vitreoretinal traction. Although many retinal vascular diseases may cause exudative detachments, to the authors' knowledge, this is the first definite case of exudative retinal detachment in a patient with a sickling hemoglobinopathy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = vascular disease (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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