1/10. Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy associated with central retinal vein occlusion.PURPOSE: To report the unusual association between non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and non-ischaemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in two patients. methods: case reports are presented. RESULTS: Non-ischaemic CRVO was manifested by dilated, tortuous retinal veins with flame-shape retinal haemorrhages. fluorescein angiography showed prolonged arteriovenous transit time and normal retinal capillary perfusion without macular oedema. The presence of colour vision abnormalities, relative afferent pupillary defects, pale disc swelling and visual field deficits indicated that the visual loss was attributable entirely to NAION. Laboratory investigations disclosed impaired fibrinolytic function in case 1 and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in case 2. CONCLUSIONS: Compression of the central retinal vein by the swollen optic nerve could have predisposed to CRVO. The presence of thrombophilic abnormalities may have contributed to the concomitant occlusion of posterior ciliary arteries and central retinal vein. Ischaemic optic neuropathy needs to be considered in patients with CRVO when the visual acuity is not consistent with the retinal pathology.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = retinal haemorrhage, haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/10. Intensive immunosuppression treatment for central retinal vein occlusion in a young adult: a case report.PURPOSE: To describe a case of severe central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in a young patient, in whom intensive immunosuppressive therapy improved the clinical outcome. CASE REPORT: A 35-year-old men presented with a first episode of CRVO in his right eye in 1990. Despite corticosteroids and laser treatment, rubeotic glaucoma developed and the eye had to be enucleated. Seven years later, CRVO developed in the fellow eye, with venous tortuosity and haemorrhages. An extensive systemic workup was unremarkable. Corticosteroids failed to control the clinical situation. cells were seen in the anterior vitreous. visual acuity decreased to 2/60. cyclosporine and azathioprine were added, but did not prevent recurrences. Campath-1H treatment was then started and visual acuity improved to 6/36. In November 2000, visual acuity was 6/24 and haemorrhages had cleared. DISCUSSION: Many authors have proposed a role for inflammation in the pathophysiology of CRVO in young patients. However, there is no general agreement on corticosteroid use in these patients. Our case illustrates that, in some settings, high-dose corticosteroids and intensive immunosuppression might be used successfully to preserve vision.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.019671188315494keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/10. life-threatening haematological disorders presenting with opthalmic manifestations.Three cases are reported where life-threatening haematological disorders requiring urgent medical intervention presented initially to the ophthalmologist. Case one, chronic myeloid leukaemia, presented with bilateral leukaemic retinopathy and central retinal vein obstruction due to hyperviscosity. Case two, acute myeloid leukaemia, presented with bilateral haemorrhagic retinopathy. Case three, aplastic anaemia, presented with bilateral retinopathy due to anaemia and thrombocytopaenia resembling bilateral central retinal vein occlusion. In all three cases the presence of simultaneous bilateral retinal vascular involvement and white-centred haemorrhages suggested an underlying haematological disorder and differentiated them from typical retinal venous obstruction. Prompt identification of the underlying haematological disorder allows timely referral for potentially life-saving treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0098355941577468keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/10. Combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion in churg-strauss syndrome: case report.PURPOSE: To describe a rare case of churg-strauss syndrome presenting with severe visual loss due to a combined central retinal vein and artery occlusion. methods: A 42-year old man with a medical history of asthma and blood hypereosinophilia developed a sudden loss of vision in his right eye. We describe the clinical features and evolution of the case after treatment. RESULTS: A combined occlusion of the central retinal artery and central retinal vein was diagnosed by the funduscopic appearance of retinal whitening, macular cherry-red spot, papilloedema, retinal haemorrhages in all four quadrants and dilated and tortuous veins. The diagnosis was confirmed by a fluorescein angiogram showing absence of retinal filling and normal choroidal filling. churg-strauss syndrome was diagnosed based on the necessary presence of four of six criteria for the disease proposed by the American College of rheumatology. Corticosteroid therapy was initiated. However, during the following year when tapering off the daily dosage, the patient experienced two relapses, with pulmonary symptoms and hypereosinophilia, and the corticosteroid dosage had to be augmented. The patient presented with neovascular glaucoma 7 weeks after the vascular occlusion and experienced no visual improvement. CONCLUSION: Combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion can occur in churg-strauss syndrome. We suggest that regional vasculitis may be the pathological mechanism underlying the vascular occlusions observed in our case. The condition carries a very poor prognosis for vision, due to the resulting retinal ischaemia, and a poor general prognosis due to the late stage of the systemic disease. Corticosteroids should be instigated promptly in order to prevent further systemic or ocular vasculitis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = retinal haemorrhage, haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/10. Retinal arterial macroaneurysms: risk factors and natural history.A case control study was conducted to identify the systemic and ocular risk factors for retinal arterial macroaneurysms. Forty-three patients with 52 photographically confirmed macroaneurysms were located. Forty-three age-matched, race-matched concurrent control patients were also identified. The patients with macroaneurysms had decreased visual acuity (p less than 0.0001) and a higher prevalence of hypertension (p = 0.037), female sex (p = 0.099), and retinal vein occlusions (p = 0.055) than controls. In patients with both a macroaneurysm and venous occlusion there was a 12.0 times higher prevalence of macroaneurysms in the area of retina drained by the occluded vein (p less than 0.05). Common findings associated with macroaneurysms included retinal haemorrhage (81% of patients), retinal exudate (70%), vitreous haemorrhage (30%), macular involvement (30%), and distal arteriolar narrowing (26%). Arteriolar occlusion occurred spontaneously (8%) or after laser photocoagulation (16%).- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.0098355941577keywords = retinal haemorrhage, haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/10. Angle-closure glaucoma in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus.A patient is described known with ITP, who developed an attack of angle-closure glaucoma secondary to posterior scleritis. This condition reacted well to corticosteroid treatment and antiglaucomaleus therapy serologically SLE was highly probable. In fundo there was the picture of a central retinal vein occlusion. Later the patient developed neovascularisation of the optic disc, which did not diminish after panretinal photocoagulation. In spite of cryocoagulation, a vitreous haemorrhage resulted.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0098355941577468keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/10. Combined occlusion of the central retinal artery and central retinal vein following blunt ocular trauma: a case report.A healthy young woman suffered complete loss of the vision of one eye following a blunt ocular injury. She sustained a combined occlusion of the central retinal artery and central retinal vein of the affected eye. Initially few retinal haemorrhages were present, but they increased considerably in number and size during the day following injury.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = retinal haemorrhage, haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/10. Arguments for a vascular glaucoma etiology.A material of Open Angle glaucoma (G) collected by an eye practitioner (B S) from 1980 to 1991 is analysed with special respect to the occurrence of disc haemorrhages (Hs) and retinal vein occlusions (VOs). There is a close association between Hs and VOs and G, which in all categories increases with increasing follow-up time. Furthermore, the occurrence of mixed cases--H in one eye and VO in the same or the other--support the opinion that Hs, branch vein occlusions and central vein occlusions are manifestations of the same vascular disease, the difference between them being the size of the vessel affected. The well known morphological changes in the retinal veins of glaucomas and in central vein occlusions are endothelial proliferations causing progressive increase of flow resistance. Similar changes most probably also cause branch occlusions and disc haemorrhages. The vascular affection which obstructs the vessels with hindrance of the blood flow and impaired nutrition of neuronal tissue, might be the primary cause of glaucoma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.019671188315494keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/10. Late complications in branch retinal vein occlusion.Neovascularization in branch retinal vein occlusion usually develops 6-12 months after the onset of the disease, although some cases have been reported in which neovascularization and subsequent vitreous haemorrhage developed 2-3 years later. This is a report of nine cases of late appearance of vitreous haemorrhage due to branch retinal vein occlusion, which occurred 3-6 years after the initial onset of the disease. In two of these nine cases the vitreous haemorrhage was very profound and had to be managed by vitrectomy. We have studied the remaining seven cases, which had retinal ischaemia and optic disc or retinal neovascularization documented by fluorescein angiographic examination. laser coagulation was applied in these seven cases, which resulted in considerable regression of the neovascularization and absorption of the vitreous haemorrhage. In one out of the seven cases recurrent vitreous haemorrhages appeared and it was finally treated by vitrectomy. visual acuity improved in six of the seven cases. The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 48 months. The late appearance of the ischaemic type of branch retinal vein occlusion with neovascularization can be attributed to the change in character of the initially mild oedematous form of the disease. Partial posterior vitreous detachment and traction exerted at some later stage upon the neovascularization could be additional factors of the late appearance of vitreous haemorrhage. patients with branch retinal vein occlusion should be followed up regularly over a long period of time in order to avoid late complications of the disease, such as vitreous haemorrhage following optic disc or retinal neovascularization.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.068849159104228keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/10. Central retinal vein occlusion combined with occlusion of a cilioretinal artery. A case report.An otherwise healthy 39-year-old man with a dark spot in the visual field of his left eye showed retinal whitening, indicating a cilioretinal arterial obstruction and minor signs of venous stasis at the initial examination. The affected cilioretinal artery filled normally during fluorescein angiography. The visual acuity was 1.0 bilaterally. One week later, the retinal whitening had decreased and signs of central retinal venous occlusion (venous dilatation, retinal haemorrhages and papillary oedema) predominated in the fundus picture. The patient was treated with oral betamethasone and acetylsalicylic acid. The patient was free of symptoms and the fundus normalized within 10 months. The pathogenesis of cilioretinal arterial obstruction combined with central retinal venous occlusion is not established. The clinical course in this case seems to favour a hypothesis of a primary arterial affection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = retinal haemorrhage, haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
| | Next -> |