1/95. Dacrystic seizures reconsidered.Ictal lachrymation has not been reported in children as a main seizure manifestation. We report an infant with tuberous sclerosis who presented with seizures characterised by lachrymation without apparent emotional change associated with a left posterior temporal epileptic focus. We discuss the pathophysiological implications, and propose a clinically orientated classification of crying seizures.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = posterior (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/95. Photosensitive and nonphotosensitive electronic screen game-induced seizures.PURPOSE: To disclose possible epileptologic differences between photosensitive and nonphotosensitive patients with seizures induced by electronic screen games (ESGs). methods: In patients with ESG-induced seizures who showed photo- and pattern sensitivity, magnetoencephalography (MEG) and EEG were performed simultaneously during ESG play, and equivalent current dipoles (ECDs) of the MEG spikes were estimated. In patients without ESG-induced seizures, who were surgical candidates, the intracranial EEG was analyzed for changes in epileptiform spike frequency. RESULTS: Fifteen of 29 patients were photo- or pattern sensitive, and they had a posterior predominance of ECDs of the MEG spikes. In contrast, nonphotosensitive patients had an anterior predominance of ECDs. Other seizure-precipitating factors in the nonphotosensitive patients included hand manipulation or spatial processing. In patients without a history of ESG-induced seizures who underwent intracranial EEG monitoring for surgical evaluation, ESG playing induced changes in spike frequency in the supplementary motor area, perisylvian region, and medial temporal lobe. CONCLUSIONS: In photosensitive patients, interictal MEG spikes arise predominantly from the posterior region of the brain. In nonphotosensitive patients, epileptiform spikes tend to originate in the anterior part of the brain. Thus factors involving functions of the anterior part of the brain other than photo- or pattern sensitivity may play a role in the induction of seizures during ESG play. Furthermore, the changes in spike frequency in specific brain areas may correspond to their involvement in praxic activity and emotional changes during ESG play. A chance occurrence of seizures during ESG play also was observed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = posterior (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/95. Posterior scleral choristoma in the organoid nevus syndrome (linear nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn).PURPOSE: To highlight the association of posterior osseous and/or cartilaginous ocular choristomas with epibulbar choristomas and the nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn. DESIGN: Small case series. PARTICIPANTS: Four patients with the organoid nevus syndrome. methods: Clinical and histopathologic studies in four patients with epibulbar lesions and nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ophthalmoscopic findings of peripapillary lesions. Computed tomographic and ultrasonographic characteristic of posterior scleral lesions. Ocular histopathologic findings in one globe from one of the study subjects. RESULTS: Three patients had the triad of posterior osseous/cartilaginous ocular choristomas, anterior epibulbar choristomas, and nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn and one patient had anterior epibulbar choristomas and posterior osseous/cartilaginous ocular choristomas. ultrasonography and computed tomography were valuable in detecting scleral ossification or epibulbar cartilage or both. The ophthalmoscopic findings were similar to those of a choroidal osteoma. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of posterior osseous/cartilaginous ocular choristomas in a patient with epilepsy or epibulbar lesions or both suggests the diagnosis of nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn. Osseous/cartilaginous ocular choristomas should be suspected in patients with nevus sebaceus of Jadassohn and peripapillary hypopigmented fundus lesions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = posterior (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/95. fluorouracil-induced neurotoxicity.OBJECTIVE: To report a case of acute neurologic adverse effects related to fluorouracil administration and to review the neurotoxicity of this agent. CASE SUMMARY: A 73-year-old white man with a history of esophageal carcinoma was treated with fluorouracil 1,500 mg iv daily for four days. After completing treatment, he presented with sudden onset of confusion, cognitive disturbances, a cerebellar syndrome, and repeated seizures. A magnetic resonance image of the brain showed no structural abnormalities, and cerebrospinal fluid examination was normal; none of the other laboratory tests provided an explanation for his symptoms. The patient was treated with anticonvulsants, and the cognitive changes resolved in 72 hours. The cerebellar signs, however, did not resolve completely and persisted when the patient was examined two weeks after discharge. DISCUSSION: fluorouracil can cause both acute and delayed neurotoxicity. Acute neurotoxicity manifests as encephalopathy or as cerebellar syndrome; seizures, as seen in our patient, have rarely been reported. Acute neurotoxicity due to fluorouracil is dose related and generally self-limiting. Various mechanisms for such toxicity have been postulated, and treatment with thiamine has been recommended. Delayed neurotoxicity has been reported when fluorouracil was given in combination with levamisole; this form of subacute multifocal leukoencephalopathy is immune mediated and responds to treatment with corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should be aware of the adverse neurologic effects of fluorouracil and should include them in the differential diagnosis when patients receiving the drug present with neurologic problems.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 44.27798599723keywords = leukoencephalopathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/95. FK506-induced intractable leukoencephalopathy following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.FK506-related leukoencephalopathy has been reported to be reversible and readily treated by discontinuation or reduction of FK506. We describe two pediatric cases of FK506-related leukoencephalopathy following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, which could not be readily controlled. These cases show that FK506-related leukoencephalopathy is not always reversible, and patients may develop epilepsy. bone marrow transplantation (2000) 25, 331-334.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 309.94590198061keywords = leukoencephalopathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/95. Familial occurrence of cerebral arteriovenous malformation in sisters: case report and review of the literature.Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are considered to be congenital disorders. However, their familial occurrence has so far been described in only 19 families in the literature. The authors report on two cases in one family and review the literature. A 45-year-old female subject with sudden onset of headache and vomiting due to a subarachnoid haemorrhage from a small AVM in the posterior part of the corpus callosum near the midline on the left side was studied. Irradiation of the AVM using Leksell's gamma knife led to its complete obliteration. Her older sister presented with temporal seizures at the age of 49 and later also with left hemiparesis, left hemihypaesthesia and dizziness - caused by a large AVM in the right temporal lobe. This AVM was treated by a combination of embolization and irradiation by the Leksell's gamma knife.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = posterior (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/95. Partial seizures in leukoencephalopathy with swelling and a discrepantly mild clinical course.We report a patient with 'Leukoencephalopathy with swelling and a discrepantly mild clinical course', an entity of leukoencephalopathy recently clarified. Our patient presented with complex partial seizures in addition to characteristic radiological findings and clinical course. A review of the literature revealed that this new neurodegenerative disease complicates epilepsy in more than half of the patients, and that partial components in the seizure symptomatology are not infrequent.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 221.38992998615keywords = leukoencephalopathy (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/95. Triple "E" syndrome: bilateral locked posterior fracture dislocation of the shoulders.Bilateral locked posterior fracture dislocation of the shoulders is one of the least common injuries of the shoulder, and this injury has been suggested to be pathognomonic of seizures when diagnosed in the absence of trauma. The authors present a case of idiopathic bilateral locked posterior fracture dislocations of the shoulder, along with a review of the medical literature. The authors also present the "triple E syndrome," describing the possible etiologies of this injury: epilepsy (or any convulsive seizure), electrocution, or extreme trauma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = posterior (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/95. arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and pituitary ectopia. A case report.We report a patient with a form of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita who developed seizures at 4 months of age that proved to be hypoglycemic. Further evaluation of the etiology of hypoglycemia led to the discovery of partial anterior hypopituitarism, with normal posterior pituitary function. neuroimaging revealed an ectopic neurohypophysis with very small anterior pituitary, the presumed anatomic basis for his endocrine dysfunction. A chance association between the pituitary ectopia and the arthrogryposis cannot be ruled out. However, it is more likely that in the present patient a common genetic mechanism may be the basis for both the arthrogryposis and the pituitary dysfunction.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = posterior (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/95. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome: a report of 2 cases.Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLE) is an increasingly recognised disorder, most commonly associated with malignant hypertension, toxaemia of pregnancy or the use of immunosuppressive agents. Two cases of RPLE syndrome occurring in the setting of accelerated hypertension and eclampsia are described. Both patients had seizures, altered sensorium and typical findings on neuroimaging. They had complete clinical and radiological recovery. The clinical course, pathophysiology and neuroimaging features of RPLE syndrome are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 20105.188304722keywords = leukoencephalopathy syndrome, posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome, posterior leukoencephalopathy, leukoencephalopathy, posterior (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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