1/15. tongue piercing resulting in hypotensive collapse.tongue piercing remains popular. A variety of complications have been reported, including life-threatening infection, airway problems and damaged teeth or mucosal surfaces. A patient who collapsed after continuous profuse bleeding following tongue piercing is presented. It is recommended that piercing practitioners be licensed and inspected. A list of written post piercing instructions for customers is included on how to deal with, or who to contact regarding potential complications including haemorrhage.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/15. survival with an arterial pH of 6.57 following major trauma with exsanguinating haemorrhage associated with traumatic amputation.We report the survival of a multiply injured patient with exanguinating haemorrhage and an arterial pH of 6.5, following a road vehicle crash. The previously healthy 38 years old male driver veered off the motorway and collided with a tree. The ambulance arrived at the scene 9 min after being called by an eyewitness and, following rapid extrication from the wreckage; the patient arrived in hospital 27 min later (with a GCS of 6), and was immediately intubated. The patient had suffered near-complete amputation of the left leg at upper femoral shaft level, along with multiple distal fractures and open wounds. He also sustained a head injury and closed displaced fractures of left radius and ulna. The patient received 2 l of crystalloids in the pre-hospital phase. Once in hospital the haemorrhage was controlled with a pressure dressing and intra-venous fluids were kept to a minimum until he was taken promptly to theatre. His initial arterial blood sample revealed a pH of 6.57, pCo(2) of 9.18 kPa, a pO(2) of 70.11 kPa and a base excess of -27.5 mmol l(-1). The co-oximeter Hb was 5.8 g dl(-1). Haemorrhage was controlled in theatre where he was transfused a total of 30 U of blood, 1 pack of platelets, 12 U of fresh frozen plasma, 3.5 l of crystalloids and 1.5 l of colloid. sodium bicarbonate was administered three times. He subsequently remained ventilated in intensive care unit (ICU). Over the following week he survived sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation and myoglobinuria (with transient renal failure) attributable to rhabdomyolysis secondary to muscle necrosis. He later underwent diversion colostomy and disarticulating amputation of the left femur after several debridements. After 6 weeks on ICU he made an excellent recovery will full return of his mental abilities. In this case, the serial arterial blood samples obtained were reliable. The lactic acidosis observed was the result of profound tissue hypo-perfusion and its rate of clearance seems to have greater prognostic value than its peak or initial value. Several factors may have contributed to the patient's survival: rapid retrieval from the scene; early intubation with excellent subsequent oxygenation (thus avoiding the dangerous combination of hypoxia and acidosis with synergistic influence on cardiac depression) and limited initial fluid resuscitation in the emergency department with prompt surgical intervention and vigorous restoration of organ perfusion after surgical haemostasis. Immediate operative haemostasis, coupled with restricted fluid administration beforehand and vigorous restoration of organ perfusion afterwards is now replacing the old resuscitation paradigm. Perhaps this shift in practice has helped this patient to survive.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/15. Mucosal lesions in the human small intestine in shock.Characteristic mucosal lesions in resected small intestinal segments from seven patients are reported. Preoperatively, four patients were in shock and general hypotension while the three remaining cases showed signs of local intestinal hypotension. The microscopic appearance of the mucosal lesions was in all patients identical with that previously observed in the feline and canine small intestine after haemorrhage or local intestinal hypotension. It is proposed that an extravascular short-circuiting of oxygen in the mucosal countercurrent exchanger and an intravascular aggregation of blood cells might produce tissue hypoxia which makes the mucosa vulnerable to enzymatic degradation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/15. Anti-shock garment provides resuscitation and haemostasis for obstetric haemorrhage.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of the non-pneumatic anti-shock garment for resuscitation and haemostasis following obstetric haemorrhage resulting in severe shock. DESIGN: During a six-week period, the author served a locum tenens as the obstetrician consultant for the Memorial Christian Hospital, Sialkot, pakistan. All women who suffered from severe obstetric haemorrhage were managed with the anti-shock garment as the first intervention. The data for this report were collected from hospital chart review. SETTING: Sialkot is a city of about three million and Memorial Christian Hospital is one of two major obstetric hospitals. There is no blood bank at Memorial Christian Hospital or elsewhere in Sialkot. The Memorial Christian Hospital laboratory is able to draw donor blood, type and cross match blood, and process it for transfusion 24 hours per day. population: During the six weeks of this study, in June and July 2001, there were 764 deliveries and 34 other admissions within a week following deliveries outside the hospital. Seven women with obstetric haemorrhage who developed severe shock were managed with the anti-shock garment. One woman, who was later found to have mitral stenosis, developed dyspnea upon placement of the anti-shock garment and therefore it was removed within 5 minutes. This report concerns the six women who were able to tolerate the anti-shock garment without untoward symptoms. methods: As soon as severe shock was recognised in the hospital, the anti-shock garment was placed. Crystalloid solutions were given intravenously over the first hour at a rate of 1500 mL per estimated litre of blood loss, then at a maintenance rate of 150 mL/hour. vital signs every 15 to 30 minutes, hourly urine output and intermittent oxygen saturation were used to monitor patients during the use of the anti-shock garment. When sufficient blood transfusion had been given to restore the haemoglobin to >7 g/dL, the anti-shock garment was removed in segments at 15-minute intervals with documentation of vital signs before removal of each subsequent portion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Restoration of mean arterial pressure of 70 mmHg and clearing of sensorium were considered as signs of effective resuscitation. Haemorrhage was considered controlled if the blood loss was less than 25 mL/hour. morbidity included any complications noted in the medical chart. RESULTS: Restoration of blood pressure and improvement of mental status occurred within 5 minutes in two patients who were pulseless and three who were unconscious or confused. All patients had improvement of mean arterial pressure to greater than 70 mmHg within 5 minutes. Duration of anti-shock garment use ranged from 12 to 36 hours and none of the six women had significant further bleeding while the anti-shock garment was in place. patients were comfortable during use of the anti-shock garment and no adverse effects were noted apart from a transient decrease in urine output. CONCLUSIONS: The anti-shock garment rapidly restored vital signs in women with severe obstetric shock. There was no further haemorrhage during or after anti-shock garment use and the women experienced no subsequent morbidity. A prospective randomised study of the anti-shock garment for management of obstetric haemorrhage is needed to further document these observations.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 9keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/15. Small volume resuscitation with 7.5% hypertonic saline solution--treatment of haemorrhagic shock in the tropics.Rapid intravenous injection of 4 mL/kg body weight of a 7.5% hypertonic sodium chloride solution immediately increases intravascular osmotic pressure and intravascular volume after haemorrhage. This 'small volume resuscitation' rapidly improves blood pressure and microcirculatory perfusion in patients with hypovolaemic shock after large blood losses. Pathophysiological findings as well as practical application approaches are described. Small volume resuscitation is an effective and economic method in the first-line treatment of acute haemorrhagic shock.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/15. Postabortal haemorrhage and disseminated intravascular coagulation due to placenta accreta.We describe the case of a second trimester placenta accreta presenting as postabortal haemorrhage complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation, requiring hysterectomy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/15. Haemorrhagic shock from the spontaneous rupture of an adrenal cortical carcinoma. A case report.Adrenal cortical carcinoma is a rare endocrine neoplasm which can be either functioning or non-functioning. Usually, patients refer to the doctor because of abdominal pain or symptoms associated with the mass effect. We present an unusual case of a patient with adrenal cortical carcinoma who was immediately operated due to massive retroperitoneal haemorrhage following the spontaneous rupture of the tumour. Adrenal cortical carcinoma should enter in differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal haemorrhage. Surgeons should be familiar with this clinical entity and attempt complete resection if possible.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/15. death from ingestion of removable partial denture: a case report.OBJECTIVE: to illustrate the danger of using acrylic denture as removable partial denture in a developing country. METHOD: post mortem examination was performed on a man who died after ingesting removable partial denture. RESULTS: A removable partial denture was seen seated in the mid portion of the oesophagus with its lateral wings deeply embedded in the wall of the oesophagus causing laceration and severe haemorrhage. CONCLUSION: The radiolucent nature of acrylic denture may prevent early diagnosis and intervention when it is ingested or aspirated. There is need for proper education of patients wearing partial denture in especially the acrylic type.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/15. Haemostasis by angiographic embolisation in exsanguinating haemorrhage from facial arteries. A report of 2 cases.life-threatening exsanguinating haemorrhage from arteries of the face following trauma is uncommon. When it occurs it is often located in the relatively inaccessible parts of the vessels and requires deep face or neck exploration and ligation of the main feeding vessel. The procedure requires expert head and neck vascular surgery performed under general anaesthesia, which is often not suitable in these haemodynamically unstable patients. In addition, surgery is often rendered more difficult by the associated post-traumatic swelling and disfigurement. Because of these considerations, angiographic embolisation of the bleeding vessels was performed as an alternative to surgical exploration. This report illustrates its use in achieving haemostasis in 2 patients.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/15. Spontaneous bilateral rupture of kidneys in a patient with polyarteritis nodosa. A case report.A previously well 42-year-old man presented with a three-hour history of pain in the right flank of acute onset. At laparotomy he was found to have a ruptured right kidney which was treated by nephrectomy. Eight days later he developed similar symptoms on the left: at operation 21 of blood were drained and nephrostomy and catheterisation carried out. He recovered after a complicated postoperative course, and histological examination of the removed kidney, and biopsy specimens, showed classic polyarteritis nodosa. This is a rare cause of spontaneous rupture of the kidney but must be considered whenever a patient presents with renal haemorrhage of unknown cause.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
| | Next -> |