1/22. Post-traumatic pituitary apoplexy--two case reports.A 60-year-old female and a 66-year-old male presented with post-traumatic pituitary apoplexy associated with clinically asymptomatic pituitary macroadenoma manifesting as severe visual disturbance that had not developed immediately after the head injury. Skull radiography showed a unilateral linear occipital fracture. magnetic resonance imaging revealed pituitary tumor with dumbbell-shaped suprasellar extension and fresh intratumoral hemorrhage. Transsphenoidal surgery was performed in the first patient, and the visual disturbance subsided. decompressive craniectomy was performed in the second patient to treat brain contusion and part of the tumor was removed to decompress the optic nerves. The mechanism of post-traumatic pituitary apoplexy may occur as follows. The intrasellar part of the tumor is fixed by the bony structure forming the sella, and the suprasellar part is free to move, so a rotational force acting on the occipital region on one side will create a shearing strain between the intra- and suprasellar part of the tumor, resulting in pituitary apoplexy. Recovery of visual function, no matter how severely impaired, can be expected if an emergency operation is performed to decompress the optic nerves. Transsphenoidal surgery is the most advantageous procedure, as even partial removal of the tumor may be adequate to decompress the optic nerves in the acute stage. Staged transsphenoidal surgery is indicated to achieve total removal later.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hearing (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/22. temporal bone fracture following blunt trauma caused by a flying fish.Blunt trauma to the temporal region can cause fracture of the skull base, loss of hearing, vestibular symptoms and otorrhoea. The most common causes of blunt trauma to the ear and surrounding area are motor vehicle accidents, violent encounters, and sports-related accidents. We present an obscure case of a man who was struck in the ear by a flying fish while wading in the sea with resulting temporal bone fracture, sudden deafness, vertigo, cerebrospinal fluid otorrhoea, and pneumocephalus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hearing (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/22. cochlear implantation following temporal bone fracture.Seven cases of profound hearing impairment following either unilateral or bilateral temporal bone fracture are presented who were implanted with the Nucleus 22 channel or Ineraid devices. Six patients suffered bilateral temporal bone fractures. One patient had prior congenital unilateral profound hearing impairment. This patient suffered a unilateral temporal bone fracture. Six patients became regular users of their implants. One gained little benefit and became a non-user. Two of the regular users experienced facial nerve stimulation, which could not be programmed out. In these two cases the implant was removed and the contralateral ear successfully implanted. Implant-aided audiometry demonstrated a hearing threshold of 40-50 dB at nine months after switch-on. The reliability of computed tomography (CT) scanning in predicting cochlear patency in cases of temporal bone fracture will be discussed. The benefit of complimentary imaging with magnetic resonance (MR) is highlighted.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3keywords = hearing (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/22. Otic capsule fracture with preservation of hearing and delayed-onset facial paralysis.The unusual occurrence of an otic capsule fracture with preservation of hearing is presented. In addition, the patient suffered facial paralysis beginning 6 days after the injury that rapidly recovered. Fifteen-month follow-up reveals stable hearing thresholds. The course of a fracture through the inner ear could be an important factor in determining the potential for hearing preservation.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = hearing (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/22. Trauma to the temporal bone: diagnosis and management of complications.The temporal bone contains important sensory and neural structures that may be damaged in patients who experience craniofacial trauma. The most serious complications of temporal bone trauma include facial nerve paralysis, cerebrospinal fluid leak, and hearing loss. Injury to the temporal bone often presents with subtle signs and symptoms, such as otorrhea, facial palsy, and hemotympanum. A high index of suspicion and a thorough knowledge of how to diagnose injury to the temporal bone are paramount in treating patients who present to the emergency room with craniofacial trauma. This article provides an overview of temporal bone trauma, outlines a methodical approach to the patient with temporal bone trauma, details four cases, and describes the treatment of complications.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.8768420723286keywords = hearing loss, hearing (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/22. Bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia and clivus fracture following head injury: case report.Internuclear ophthalmoplegia is a remarkable finding, particularly in patients victims of head injury. The medial longitudinal fasciculus, which is believed to be lesioned in cases of internuclear ophthalmoplegia, has an unique brain stem position and the mechanism involved in brain stem contusions implies a maximal intensity of shearing forces on the skull base. We describe a very rare association of bilateral ophthalmoplegia and clivus fracture following head injury, without further neurological signs. The patient history, his physical examination and the image investigation provide additional evidence to some of the mechanisms of injury proposed to explain post-traumatic internuclear ophthalmoplegia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hearing (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/22. Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss complicating basal skull fracture.Otological damage is well-recognized following head injury. The commonest complication is hearing loss. We present a case of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss due to bilateral temporal bone fractures following an epileptic seizure, which is unique in the literature and illustrates the importance of this complication of head injury.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 65.225608997451keywords = sensorineural hearing loss, sensorineural hearing, sensorineural, hearing loss, hearing (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/22. Traumatic prepontine tension pneumocephalus--case report.OBJECTIVE: A case of prepontine tension pneumocephalus after temporal bone fracture is presented. CASE REPORT: An 8-year-old girl suffered a head injury due to a fall off her bicycle. She lost her consciousness, and when she was admitted to the local hospital the Glasgow coma Score (GCS) was 8/15 (eye opening: 2; verbal answer: 2; motor response: 4) and there was bleeding from the right ear. The patient's condition deteriorated rapidly and she needed intubation and ventilation. CT of the brain revealed large amount of air in the prepontine region, displacing the brainstem posteriorly. Patient was kept ventilated, meanwhile cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as otorrhea appeared on the right side. CT was repeated 36 hours later, showing significantly less air in the prepontine area. The patient was weaned off the respirator, extubated and the level of consciousness improved. Later the patient developed meningitis, which was treated by systemic antibiotics with lumbar CSF drainage applied for five days. A high resolution CT scan of the petrous bone revealed a fracture crossing the middle part of the pyramid. Patient showed a full recovery except a right-sided mixed hearing loss. CONCLUSION: Rapid neurological deterioration following head injury can be a consequence of tension pneumocephalus. Prepontine pneumocephalus can be caused by minor fracture of petrous bone. High resolution CT is necessary to visualize minor fracture of the petrous bone. Conservative treatment may be satisfactory to treat tension hydrocephalus.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2.8768420723286keywords = hearing loss, hearing (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/22. Autoimmune-mediated sympathetic hearing loss: a case report.BACKGROUND: Damage to one inner ear is occasionally followed by contralateral sensorineural hearing loss. This has been defined as sympathetic hearing loss. HYPOTHESIS: It is hypothesized that autoimmunity can play a role in the pathogenesis of sympathetic hearing loss. methods: A male patient who developed right-sided sympathetic hearing loss at 20 years of age, 11 years after deafness of the left ear caused by a temporal bone fracture, is described. The patient's serum was analyzed for the presence of autoantibodies against inner ear tissues by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting using rat inner ear tissues. The patient's serum was tested specifically for antibodies against heat shock protein 70 by immunodot blot. The presence of autoantibodies known to play a role in systemic autoimmune disease was also examined. RESULTS: Immunocytochemistry on rat temporal bone sections demonstrated autoantibodies in the patient's serum specifically targeted against cochlear outer hair cells. No reactivity of the patient's serum was observed with control tissues including kidney, brain, and liver. Western blotting using homogenized rat cochlear tissues showed that the patient's serum reacted with a 25- and 27-kDa protein. No reactivity was observed with heat shock protein 70 in the immunodot blot analysis. The patient's serum did not contain autoantibodies against antinuclear antibodies, double-stranded dna, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, basement membrane, reticulin, intestinal mucosa, muscle, collagen, or mitochondria. CONCLUSION: Observations indicate that this patient suffered sympathetic hearing loss caused by organospecific autoimmunity directed to cochlear outer hair cells.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 35.484489963653keywords = sensorineural hearing loss, sensorineural hearing, sensorineural, hearing loss, hearing (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/22. Bilateral traumatic facial paralysis associated with unilateral abducens palsy: a case report.Bilateral traumatic facial paralysis is a very rare clinical condition. Abducens palsy, associated with bilateral traumatic paralysis, is even rarer and has not been well described in the literature. In this report, a 24-year-old male, who developed immediate bilateral facial and right abducens paralyses following a motor vehicle accident, is presented. The patient was referred for neurotologic evaluation 22 days after the injury. Electroneurography (ENoG) demonstrated 100 per cent degeneration at the first examination and, correspondingly, electromyography showed no regeneration potentials. Using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), a longitudinal fracture on the right and a mixed-type fracture on the left were identified. The patient had good cochlear reserve on both sides. The decision for surgery was based not on ENoG, because of the delayed referral of the patient, but on the HRCT, which showed clear fracture lines on both sides. The middle cranial fossa approach for decompression of the right facial nerve was performed on the 55th day following the trauma, and a combined procedure using the middle cranial fossa and transmastoid approaches was applied for decompression of the left facial nerve on the 75th day following the trauma. On the right, there was dense fibrosis surrounding the geniculate ganglion and the proximal tympanic segment whereas, on the left, bone fragments impinging on the geniculate ganglion, dense fibrosis surrounding the geniculate ganglion, and a less extensive fibrotic tissue surrounding the pyramidal segment were encountered. There were no complications or hearing deterioration. At the one-year follow up, the patient had House-Brackmann (HB) grade 1 recovery on the right, and HB grade 2 recovery on the left side, and the abducens palsy regressed spontaneously. The middle cranial fossa approach and its combinations can be performed safely in bilateral temporal bone fractures as labyrinthine sparing procedures if done on separate occasions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = hearing (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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