1/441. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in theophylline toxicity.CASE REPORT: A 53-year-old cocaine user was on chronic therapy with theophylline, albuterol, and ipratropium for asthma and nifedipine for hypertension. Acute asthma treatment that increased the serum theophylline to 35 micrograms/mL was associated with tonic clonic seizures followed by bizarre, lateralized posturing. Electroencephalogram seizure activity lasting 10 days was consistent with nonconvulsive status epilepticus, Complex Partial, type II. theophylline was considered the probable instigator of this underdiagnosed neurologic disorder.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = seizure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/441. Truly a team effort.Jane was a healthy 16 year old girl who attended a high school dance and subsequently had a grand mal seizure--her first! She was taken home, developed a decreasing level of consciousness and was admitted to the local hospital, where it progressed to status epilepticus. We will describe the classifications of seizures including status epilepticus, which demands the highest level of clinical expertise and attention to preventative medicine, for a desirable outcome. During the eleven months of care a massive multi disciplinary team approach was instituted which extended across borders. Jane's story demonstrates a truly Neuroscience team effort from acute care to a rehabilitation center to home.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = seizure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/441. Epileptogenic mineralization: pathological variants with good prognosis.Four examples of grossly mineralized lesions of the brain, causing seizures, are described; they include 2 hamartomas, a choristoma (novel associations), and an idiopathic "brain stone." Each was detectable with routine roentgenograms, and the seizures were ameliorated by surgical therapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = seizure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/441. Unusual presentation and course of hiv-1 progressive encephalopathy.The present report concerns a vertically human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-infected 7-year-old child, in whom a neurodegenerative disease occurred after an acute neurologic disorder that was in all likelihood symptomatic of hiv-1 encephalitis. At the steady state the neurologic disease fulfilled the accepted criteria of HIV-related progressive encephalopathy of childhood and was characterized by involvement of multiple neural systems and subcortical dementia. The neurologic disease displayed, however, atypical presentation and course, and its acute focal onset led the authors to postulate an acute and direct involvement of the brain in hiv-1 infection. The correlation between the cliniconeuroradiologic data and levels of HIV-rna in the cerebrospinal fluid and the response to different antiretroviral treatments are also discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0025712563705651keywords = focal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/441. Clinical experience of three pediatric and one adult case of spike-and-wave status epilepticus treated with injectable valproic acid.Subclinical or nonconvulsive status epilepticus may cause severe postmorbid neurologic dysfunction. It is, therefore, critical to rapidly identify and treat these cases. The recent availability of injectable valproic acid (Depacon) provides an additional method for treatment of status epilepticus, although studies concerning its effectiveness are not widely available in the literature. We report four cases (three pediatric, one adult) of patients who presented to us in status epilepticus. All had previously failed more than one other common method of treatment for this condition. Treatment with injectable valproic acid resulted in the elimination of all clinical indications of status epilepticus as well as a return to the baseline EEG condition in all four cases. Seizure types included focal, multifocal, and generalized spike and wave forms, suggesting potential benefit from injectable valproic acid treatment in a wide range of status epilepticus patients. We present these cases for review.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.0051425127411302keywords = focal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/441. Persistent occipital electrographic status epilepticus.A 13-year-old girl of normal intellect had clinically silent occipital electrographic status epilepticus that persisted for more than 3 years. neurologic examination and cranial magnetic resonance imaging were entirely normal. [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography demonstrated a hypermetabolic focus in the right occipital lobe. Electrographic status lasting years can be seen in epilepsia partialis continua. However, the absence of focal clinical seizures, nonprogressive course, and normal magnetic resonance imaging study seen in this patient are not features characteristic of epilepsia partialis continua.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.50257125637057keywords = seizure, focal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/441. status epilepticus-induced brain damage and opercular syndrome in childhood.This study reports on a girl with a permanent cerebral lesion and opercular syndrome after status epilepticus (SE). She had previously been healthy and had her first focal motor seizure at 5 years of age, which was controlled with intravenous phenytoin and rectal diazepam. Twenty-four hours later, she developed partial SE consisting of right facial twitching and right-hand clonic movements. These uncontrollable seizures lasted for 5 days, after which the partial SE changed to generalized SE, and the seizures continued for another 5 days. CT performed the day before onset of SE revealed no brain abnormality. Another CT performed a year later disclosed bilateral brain lesions, more severe in the left hemisphere. Follow up at 16 years of age revealed moderate motor sequelae of the right-hand side of the body, anarthria, difficulty chewing, dysphagia, bilateral facial weakness, and drooling, all of which clinically characterize opercular syndrome. An MRI study performed at 14 years of age showed a cerebral parenchymatous lesion which extended between the parietal cortices of both hemispheres, more severe on the left side, and which crossed the corpus callosum, destroying the posterior-middle zone. Evidence from the CT indicates that the lesion was not present before onset of SE. It seems likely that the focal SE caused the focal brain damage, but the possibility that the subsequent generalized SE played a role cannot be excluded.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5077137691117keywords = seizure, focal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/441. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in childhood localization-related epilepsy.PURPOSE: To report on three children with localization-related epilepsy who exhibited minor seizures (atypical absences, brief atonic, and myoclonic) and nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) consisting of these minor seizures, and to elucidate their significance. methods: We studied the electroclinical characteristics of these children. Ictal electroencephalograms (EEGs) of NCSE were evaluated by using simultaneous video-EEG-electromyogram (EMG) polygraphic recordings. RESULTS: All patients began to have partial seizures between the ages of 6 months and 2 years 7 months, with minor seizures appearing later, between the ages of 1 year 11 months and 6 years 6 months. These minor seizures evolved into NCSE. Complex partial seizures remained after suppression of the minor seizures. Interictal EEGs taken when the minor seizures appeared showed excessive diffuse epileptic discharges in addition to multifocal spike-waves. Before and after suppression of the minor seizures, focal epileptic discharges predominated on the EEGs. On ictal EEGs of brief atonic and myoclonic seizures, diffuse spike-wave and polyspike-wave bursts were detected. Ictal EEGs of the atypical absences revealed diffuse spike-wave bursts mixed with irregular high-voltage slow waves, often interspersed with brief atonic and myoclonic seizures. When atypical absences lasted for a long time, patients manifested NCSE. Polytherapy might be related to the occurrence of minor seizures and NCSE, because all patients were treated with polytherapy at their appearance, and simplification of antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy seemed to be effective. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that this NCSE is a type of atypical absence status which is an age-dependent, transient, electroclinical condition. The mechanism of occurrence of these minor seizures might be related to secondary bilateral synchrony.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 14.629532543454keywords = epilepsy, partial seizure, seizure, focal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/441. Development of focal chronic epilepsy following focal status epilepticus in adult patients.In several experimental models, status epilepticus (SE) leads to secondary brain hyperexcitability and epileptogenesis. In humans, such phenomena have been rarely demonstrated, particularly in cases of SE involving the neocortical structures. We report a 36 year old woman that presented partial SE in May 1991 involving the right cerebral hemisphere. The patient was then treated in the intensive care unit with artificial ventilation and anesthesia by pentobarbital and clometiazole. MRI showed transient right parietal and temporal posterior cortical hyperintensity. The cause of SE was not determined. Three months later, the patient developed partial complex seizures with aura characterized by vertigo, nausea and auditory hallucination. Ictal video/EEG recording showed a clear right temporal posterior onset of the discharges. We speculate that status epilepticus created the lesions which subsequently caused the focal chronic epilepsy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7.1356335560787keywords = epilepsy, seizure, focal (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/441. Two cases of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in association with tiagabine therapy.We report two patients with intractable partial seizures who developed generalized nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) after receiving tiagabine (TGB). Neither had a history of absence seizures or generalized epileptic discharges on prior EEG monitoring. Clinicians need to be aware of a possible association between TGB and NCSE.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.7559488909845keywords = partial seizure, seizure (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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