1/98. Pacemaker-induced superior vena cava obstruction: bypass using the intact azygous vein.Superior vena cava thrombosis due to pacemaker leads is an uncommon but well-recognized complication. Its pathogenesis remains unclear and it is usually a benign condition. Superior vena cava occlusion can be successfully treated by thrombolysis and anticoagulation if the occlusion is recent, balloon venoplasty and stenting, and surgery. We describe a case of superior vena cava obstruction successfully bypassed using the intact native azygous vein, a technique that has not been described before, with excellent long-term results.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = thrombosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/98. superior vena cava syndrome.OBJECTIVES: To provide a review of the treatment and nursing management of superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS). DATA SOURCES: review articles, research studies, and book chapters. CONCLUSIONS: SVCS is primarily associated with small cell lung cancer. It usually has a chronic, insidious onset, but may present acutely with laryngeal or cerebral edema. radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, thrombolysis, and interventional radiology have provided effective treatment. IMPLICATIONS FOR nursing PRACTICE: Management of the patient with SVCS includes recognition of high-risk patients and initial symptomatology, accurate assessments, appropriate therapies, psychosocial support, and education regarding recurrent SVCS.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.00012300916894033keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/98. superior vena cava syndrome as a complication of transvenous permanent pacemaker implantation.venous thrombosis induced by a transvenous permanent pacemaker is a common complication. However, superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome caused by pacemaker leads is only occasionally seen and its prevalence has been estimated to be less than 1 in 1000 pacemaker patients. Herein, we report a Taiwanese patient of high grade AV block, who presented with SVC syndrome 2 years after transvenous permanent pacemaker implantation. This case features fibrotic stenosis of the junction of right brachiocephalic trunk and SVC, and an extensive thrombus formation resulting in complete obliteration of the left brachiocephalic vein. The collateral circulation was so delicate that he still could lead a rather normal life, even if anticoagulant therapy proved to be ineffective from an angiographic point of view.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = thrombosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/98. hyperhomocysteinemia as a cause of superior vena cava syndrome.A case is presented in which superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome was caused by a stenosis of the SVC due to thrombosis. hyperhomocysteinemia was diagnosed as a possible underlying mechanism. The role of hyperhomocysteinemia as a risk factor for the development of recurrent venous thrombosis, its diagnosis, and treatment are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = thrombosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/98. Superior vena cava thrombosis after in vitro fertilization: case report and review of the literature.ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a rare complication of fertility medication. A 33 year old female with OHSS with thrombosis of the right internal jugular vein, subclavian vein, and superior vein cava underwent in vitro fertilization following stimulation with a GnRH analog with successful implantation. The patient developed abdominal distention and dyspnea, with persistent symptoms that resulted in a 20 lb weight loss. As pregnancy progressed, edema, pain, and tingling sensations developed by the ninth week at which time a CT scan confirmed thrombus with the right internal jugular and subclavian vein and a free floating tip in the superior vena cava. Following treatment with intravenous heparin therapy and subcutaneous low-molecular weight heparin until delivery her symptoms improved. While optimal treatment remains unclear, treatment strategies remain conservative. Identifying the risk factors that lead to the development of OHSS including the identification of those patients at risk for developing OHSS, more extensive investigation of potential underlying coagulopathy in severe or recurrent cases, and consideration of prophylactic subcutaneous heparin or IV albumin supplementation, will facilitate prevention in the high risk population.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = thrombosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/98. Superior vena cava thrombosis causing respiratory obstruction successfully resolved by stenting in a small bowel transplant candidate.A 4 year old child was referred for small bowel transplantation. He had superior vena cava obstruction secondary to numerous central venous line placements; alternative routes for long term central venous access were compromised by extensive venous occlusive disease. Patency for the superior vena cava was re-established with stenting, which allowed for radiological placement of another central venous line. Long term survival in infants and young children with intestinal failure is dependent on adequate central venous access for the administration of parenteral nutrition. Line sepsis and physical damage to the catheter often necessitates multiple central venous catheter placements during their early life and these children are at risk of catheter related veno-occlusive disease. Recurrent sepsis and the loss of satisfactory venous access for the administration of parenteral nutrition is life threatening and is an indication for intestinal transplantation in up to 41% of patients reported by the small bowel registry.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4keywords = thrombosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/98. Treatment of catheter-induced thrombotic superior vena cava syndrome: a single institution's experience.Thrombosis is the most frequent benign etiology of superior vena cava syndrome among cancer patients who have a long-term central venous catheter. In this paper, six cases of thrombotic superior vena cava syndrome are discussed. There were four women and two men. One patient was treated with streptokinase and five with urokinase. The mean age was 46 years (range 22-69), and the mean time for thrombosis development after catheter insertion was 125 days (range: 53-211 days). The mean time for resolution of thrombosis was 7 days (range 2-11) in five patients. One patient had no response to fibrinolysis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = thrombosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/98. Systemic to pulmonary venous shunt in superior vena cava occlusion.This report describes systemic-to-pulmonary venous connections at the pleural level resulting from superior vena cava occlusion. The interval development of new venous collaterals within a 3-year period represents an advanced manifestation of SVC occlusion in this patient with a history of pleural disease. In this case, progressive venous thrombosis caused by underlying hypercoaguability led to the development of collaterals in unusual sites, including systemic-to-pulmonary venous shunting, and resulting in progressive cyanosis and death.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = thrombosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/98. Implanted central venous catheter-related acute superior vena cava syndrome: management by metallic stent and endovascular repositioning of the catheter tip.We describe a case of a 49-year-old woman with stage-IIIB lung adenocarcinoma who experienced an acute superior vena cava syndrome related to an implanted central venous catheter without associated venous thrombosis. The catheter was surgically implanted for chemotherapy. superior vena cava syndrome appeared after the procedure and was due to insertion of the catheter through a subclinical stenosis of the superior vena cava. Complete resolution of the patient's symptoms was obtained using stent placement and endovascular repositioning of the catheter tip.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = thrombosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/98. Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma presenting with superior vena cava syndrome.A 45-year-old male received wedge resection for his small hepatocellular carcinoma in April 1989 and extended right lobectomy for tumor recurrence 8 months later. Unfortunately, recurrent hepatic tumor with lung metastases were found 18 months after the second operation. Both the hepatic and pulmonary recurrent tumors were resected and transcatheter arterial embolization was added for the residual hepatic tumors. He remained symptom free for another 18 months. However, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, superior vena cava thrombus with superior vena cava syndrome, cardiac and brain metastases developed subsequently. He died of increased intracranial pressure. It is rare for hepatocellular carcinoma to have mediastinal metastases, superior vena cava thrombus and superior vena cava syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 4.5815860987778E-5keywords = brain (Clic here for more details about this article) |
| | Next -> |