1/63. calciphylaxis, a poorly understood clinical syndrome: three case reports and a review of the literature.Systemic calcification syndromes are a recognized complication occurring in some patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and secondary hyperparathyroidism. These patients develop severe livedo reticularis and subcutaneous tissue lesions progressing to frank necrosis and ultimately large areas of eschar. Clinically this syndrome is known as calciphylaxis; these lesions are usually resistant to aggressive debridement, systemic antibiotics, and revascularization procedures. We report three patients with somewhat different clinical presentations but all sharing a common link of exquisitely painful leg ulcers initially being treated as ischemic lesions or venous stasis-type ulcerations. These three patients were diagnosed with calciphylaxis on the basis of clinical, biochemical, and histopathological criteria. Two patients underwent parathyroidectomy late in the progression of their disease, with some resolution of their ulcerative lesions.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/63. Five cases of livedo-like dermatitis (Nicolau's syndrome) due to bismuth salts and various other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.The authors report five cases of Nicolau's syndrome observed over a period of about 25 years. The disease had occurred after intramuscular injections of different drugs (bismuth, diclofenac and ibuprofen). In all the described cases the clinical aspect was characterized by a livedoid pattern followed by a slow necrotizing evolution with scar formation; in some cases surgical debridement and plastic reconstructive surgery were performed. In the past Nicolau's syndrome was described after intramuscular injections of bismuth salts for the treatment of syphilis; now, although still rare, it is described after injections of various aqueous drug solutions. The pathogenesis of Nicolau's dermatitis appears to be more complex than the previous hypothesized embolism caused by oleous drugs.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.49778387514809keywords = livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/63. Sneddon's syndrome, anticardiolipin antibodies and anticardiolipin cofactor. A case report.Sneddon's syndrome is a rare entity characterized by idiopathic livedo reticularis and cerebrovascular lesions. A case of a young woman with livedo reticularis and progressive cerebral arteriopathy is described. Abnormalities of sexual and gonadotropic hormones were present. Anticardiolipin and anticardiolipin-cofactor complex antibodies were not found.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 2keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/63. Cerebral ischemia and livedo reticularis in a patient with impairment of coagulation factor vii and free protein s.The association of ischemic cerebrovascular lesions with livedo reticularis is known as sneddon syndrome. It affects young subjects, primarily women, and its neurological manifestations are TIAs, ischemic stroke, progressive dementia and epileptic seizures. Its etiopathogenesis has still to be clarified. Some authors have associated it with an antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Recently it has been assumed that a defect in blood coagulation may be involved in its pathogenesis. Here we report a case in which both an increase in coagulation factor vii activity and a deficiency in free protein s were documented.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/63. Sneddon's syndrome associated with anticardiolipin antibody: a case report.We report the case of a young man suffering from the rare combination of livedo reticularis and recurrent ischemic cerebrovascular disease (Sneddon's syndrome). He also had a circulating anticardiolipin antibody. in the absence of systemic lupus erythematosus, we suggest the likelihood of a primary antiphospholipid syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/63. Sneddon's syndrome: generalized livedo reticularis and cerebrovascular disease. Importance of hemostatic screening.We report two cases of Sneddon's syndrome. Both cases had widespread livedo reticularis with repeated cerebrovascular accidents without persistent neurological deficit. In one case, hemostatic examination revealed an imbalance of plasminogen activator-inhibitor values, possibly related to the thrombogenic propensity of the syndrome. Treatment with acetylsalicylic acid led to normalization of hemostatic parameters and resulted in a symptom-free period of more than 10 months. The importance of hemostatic screening in patients with Sneddon's syndrome is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/63. livedo reticularis: a rare manifestation of Graves hyperthyroidism associated with anticardiolipin antibodies.livedo reticularis is a common presentation of the anticardiolipin syndrome. Although the presence of anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies was previously reported in association with both graves disease and Hashimoto thyroiditis, I am aware of no previous report of livedo reticularis in patients with graves disease. A 29-year-old woman presented with very active Graves thyrotoxicosis. physical examination revealed, in addition to signs of very active hyperthyroidism, marked livedo reticularis on both her legs. Laboratory tests confirmed the clinical impression regarding her thyroid activity and revealed prolonged prothrombin time (and partial thromboplastin time) and elevated levels of both immunoglobulin g and immunoglobulin m aCL antibodies. After methimazole-induced remission, livedo reticularis completely disappeared and the levels of aCL antibodies decreased to within the low range of normal. The literature on aCL antibodies and autoimmune thyroid diseases is reviewed and the interaction between the occurrence of aCL antibodies, disease activity, and drug therapy in graves disease is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.5156616799135keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/63. Hemostatic abnormalities in Sneddon's syndrome.Sneddon's syndrome is a rare condition comprising widespread livedo retucularis and multiple episodes of transient cerebral ischemia. Treatment to date has been empirical. The hemostatic/thrombotic status of 4 patients with Sneddon's syndrome was studied by a unique technique, hemostatometry, which measures primary hemostasis (shear-induced platelet plug formation), the overall coagulation, and thrombolysis (dislodgment of the hemostatic plugs) from nonanticoagulated blood. In all 4 patients, platelet reactivity, which shows itself in the initial phase of the hemostatic reaction, was enhanced. The overall hemostasis, in which the generation of thrombin by activated platelets plays the decisive role, was enhanced in 3 patients. Three of the 4 patients had hypercoagulation, and in 3, spontaneous thrombolysis was inhibited. Treatment was commenced with aspirin and nifedipine, and patients were monitored both clinically and by serial hemostatometry over two years. One patient had one further transient ischemic episode; the other 3 remained asymptomatic. Thus, the observed clinical improvement correlated with improvement of the hemostatic profile.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.099556775029618keywords = livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/63. Sneddon's syndrome and primary antiphospholipid syndrome: a case report.The association between livedo reticularis and cerebrovascular accidents is known as Sneddon's syndrome. We describe a case in which Sneddon's syndrome appeared as a clinical manifestation of primary antiphospholipid syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/63. cholesterol crystal embolization: skin manifestation, gastrointestinal and central nervous symptom treated with corticosteroid.cholesterol crystal embolization (CCE) is characterized by tissue ischemia secondary to occlusion of small arteries. It may occur spontaneously but more often follows radiological interventional procedures or vascular surgery. This systemic disease affects multiple organs, including skin, kidney, brain, eye, and gastrointestinal tract. We reported a Japanese male CCE patient with cutaneous manifestations of livedo reticularis, diarrhea, clouding of consciousness, and acute renal failure. Histopathological examination demonstrated multiple biconvex clefts in a vessel of the subcutis. Corticosteroid administration improved his consciousness, diarrhea and skin lesions. awareness of the skin manifestations of CCE is essential for dermatologists to make an early diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = livedo reticularis, reticularis, livedo (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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