1/16. Primary neonatal thalamic haemorrhage and epilepsy with continuous spike-wave during sleep: a longitudinal follow-up of a possible significant relation.epilepsy with continuous spike-waves during sleep was diagnosed in a child who suffered primary neonatal thalamic haemorrhage, and who was followed from birth to 17 years of age. Early cognitive development was normal. Acquired behavioural problems and cognitive stagnation could be directly related to the epilepsy and not to the initial lesion and posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus. This case and long-term follow-up data on a few children who suffered primary neonatal thalamic haemorrhage suggest that epilepsy with continuous spike-waves during sleep can be a sequel. Disturbances of thalamocortical interactions could play a role in the still poorly understood syndrome of epilepsy with continuous spike-waves during sleep.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/16. Auditory laterality and attentional deficits after thalamic haemorrhage.Thalamic lesions have been shown to produce severe cognitive deficits involving language and memory. A majority of the studies have reported cognitive deficits after lesions in the anterior and dorsomedial thalamic nuclei. We report five case studies of effects on language processing after postero-dorsal thalamic haemorrhages. Four of the patients had lesions on the right side, and one patient had a lesion on the left side. Effects on language processing were investigated with the dichotic listening test with consonant-vowel syllables. This test, in which conflicting auditory stimuli are presented simultaneously to the two ears, has been used to probe differences in language processing in the left and right hemispheres. The four patients with right-sided lesions reported almost none of the syllables presented to the left ear, and were unable to modify this massive right ear advantage by directing attention to the left or right ear. The patient with a left-sided lesion showed a weaker left ear advantage, and was able to modify his responses by shifting attention, to an extent similar to that of healthy reference individuals. When tested with monaural stimulus presentation, the scores of all patients rose to almost 100% correct for each ear. The pattern of effects with dichotic stimuli under different instructional conditions cannot be accounted for in purely structural terms, and indicates that lesions in the posterior part of the thalamus, including the pulvinar nucleus and medial geniculate body, produce deficits not only in processing of complex auditory stimuli but also in the allocation of attention to input from one ear or the other.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.83333333333333keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/16. Disappearance of haemorrhagic stroke-induced thalamic (central) pain following a further (contralateral ischaemic) stroke.We report the case of a patient who, following a right thalamic haemorrhage, developed thalamic syndrome characterised by burning pain and hyperalgesia in the left side of the body. Three years later, following a further (contralateral ischaemic) stroke, she reported the complete disappearance of the pain and hyperalgesia. To our knowledge, this is the first described case of disappearance of thalamic syndrome following a second stroke, different in nature from and contralateral to the first. Various hypotheses, based on the nervous tracts and nuclei involved in pain processing, may be advanced to explain this occurrence.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/16. Acute bilateral thalamic necrosis in a child with mycoplasma pneumoniae.A previously neurodevelopmentally intact 5-year-old male was admitted to hospital with a right lower lobe pneumonia with pleural effusion, subsequently confirmed to be a mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. On the seventh day of the illness he had a prolonged generalized tonic or tonic-clonic convulsion, requiring intubation and ventilation. He was slow to regain consciousness (child's Glasgow coma Score 7-10 over 6 days) and brain imaging with CT and then MRI demonstrated bilateral thalamic lesions with oedema and central haemorrhage suggestive of acute bilateral thalamic necrosis, without striatal or white-matter involvement. He was treated with a 2-week course of erythromycin, and as an autoimmune process was considered possible, 5 days of intravenous methylprednisolone (20 mg/kg/day) followed by a 4-week oral prednisolone taper. He made a slow recovery over the next few weeks with almost complete neurological recovery by 2 months but with significant dysarthria, drooling, and a mild left hemiparesis. At 9 months, significant dystonia continued to affect his speech and, together with tremor, his upper-limb fine motor function bilaterally. His gait, personality, and higher cognitive functions appeared to have recovered fully. Although acute striatal necrosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and encephalitis have been reported with mycoplasma pneumoniae and a similar picture of acute bilateral thalamic necrosis with influenza-A ('acute necrotizing encephalopathy'), this is the first reported case of mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated isolated acute bilateral thalamic necrosis.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/16. Dissociated unilateral convergence paralysis in a patient with thalamotectal haemorrhage.A 47 year old male was admitted in a comatose state. CT scan showed a haemorrhage in the right pulvinar thalamus descending into the right part of the lamina quadrigemina. He presented with anisocoria, prompt bilateral pupillary light reaction, and unilateral convergence paralysis contralateral to the lesion in combination with upward gaze palsy. During an observation period of two months, the convergence reaction returned to normal. MRI showed a lacunar lesion ventral to superior right colliculus. angiography revealed an arteriovenous malformation (right posterior cerebral artery--sinus rectus) as the possible cause of the haemorrhage.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/16. Pure sensory stroke resulting from thalamic haemorrhage.Pure sensory stroke has not previously been reported with thalamic haemorrhage and had indeed been considered to exclude cerebral haemorrhage. We describe a case of thalamic haemorrhage causing a pure sensory stroke and propose that we should bear in mind the possibility of haemorrhage in such cases.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.3333333333333keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/16. Unilateral thalamic haemorrhage in the pre-term and full-term newborn.One full-term and three premature newborns with a unilateral thalamic haemorrhage are reported. The lesion was diagnosed using cranial ultrasonography and confirmed in three using magnetic resonance imaging. Severe perinatal asphyxia occurred in all infants. The neonatal clinical history, subsequent neuro-developmental outcome and neuroimaging findings are discussed. As the prognosis appears to be much better than for infants with bilateral thalamic densities, it is important that this type of lesion is recognised as a separate entity.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.83333333333333keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/16. Thalamic haemorrhage due to tuberculous arteritis.A young adult presenting as subarachnoid haemorrhage, which was proved to be a thalamic haemorrhage on CT scan, with evidence of tuberculous arteritis, is reported.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/16. Primary thalamic haemorrhage in the newborn: a new clinical entity.4 healthy full-term babies presented between 11 and 14 days of age with neurological abnormalities. eye signs in 3 suggested involvement of tracts closely related to the thalamus. Spontaneous intrathalamic haemorrhage was confirmed with computed tomography and real-time ultrasound scans. Ventricular dilatation occurred in 3 babies and 2 of these needed ventriculoperitoneal shunts. The short-term neurodevelopmental outcome was fairly good.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.83333333333333keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/16. Choreoathetosis and thalamic haemorrhage.A case of choreoathetosis due to thalamic haemorrhage and responding to pimozide is described. The anatomical changes, the neurotransmitter abnormalities and the drug treatment of chorea are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.83333333333333keywords = haemorrhage (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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