1/1830. leukostasis followed by hemorrhage complicating the initiation of chemotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and hyperleukocytosis: a clinicopathologic report of four cases.BACKGROUND: Pulmonary and cerebral leukostasis, or parenchymal hemorrhage in these organs, are well-known early complications developing in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), particularly when myelomonocytic features, hyperleukocytosis, and/or a coagulation disorder are initially present. Commonly, these complications arise during increasing leukocyte counts (WBCs). methods: The authors describe four patients with AML and hyperleukocytosis who developed leukostasis followed by parenchymal hemorrhage. RESULTS: Bleeding in all patients occurred while their WBCs were decreasing following cytosine-arabinoside chemotherapy, and in the absence of disseminated intravascular coagulation or severe thrombocytopenia. Radiologic and histopathologic findings underscoring possible mechanisms are presented in the article. CONCLUSIONS: Alterations of cell adhesion associated with chemotherapy-induced blast lysis or cellular differentiation are possible factors contributing to this particular sequence (cytosine arabinoside-based chemotherapy, leukostasis, and subsequent hemorrhage). Prophylactic measures for managing this early complication of AML treatment include leukapheresis to reduce the WBC prior to the initiation of chemotherapy.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = thrombocytopenia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/1830. [Typing and detection of antibodies in the PLA system (platelet). Application to the study of neonatal thrombopenia by feto-maternal PLA allo-immunisation]A platelet indirect radio-active coombs test has been described. The technique for purification and labelling the antiglobulin has been precised. This test allows the typing of platelets in the PLA system and the study of sera from mothers of thrombocytopenic child. As examples, four families of neonatal thrombocytopenia are reported, with PLA1 negative mother. In the serum of three of these mothers, we could demonstrate anti-PLA antibodies in spite of a negative platelet complement fixation. This test has many advantages compared to other tests such as platelet complement fixation, assay for blocking antibodies or antiglobulin consumption: it gives objective and quantitative results and is highly reproducible, anticomplementary serum may be tested. It has enabled us to select PLA1 negative donors for exsanguino-transfusions of thrombocytopenic children born from PLA1 negative mothers.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.0647872225247keywords = thrombocytopenia, neonatal thrombocytopenia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/1830. Rituximab therapy in hematologic malignancy patients with circulating blood tumor cells: association with increased infusion-related side effects and rapid blood tumor clearance.PURPOSE: Rituximab was recently approved for use in relapsed, low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; however, few data exist regarding the safety of this agent in patients with a high number of tumor cells in the blood. methods AND RESULTS: After the observation at our institution of a rapid reduction of peripheral-blood tumor cells with associated severe pulmonary infusion-related toxicity in two patients with refractory hematologic malignancies, data on three additional cases were collected from physician-submitted reports of adverse events related to rituximab treatment. Five patients with hematologic malignancies possessing a high number of blood tumor cells were treated with rituximab and developed rapid tumor clearance. The median age was 68 years (range, 26 to 78 years). patients were diagnosed with B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (n = 2), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 2), or transformed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 1). All of these patients had bulky adenopathy or organomegaly. All five patients developed a unique syndrome of severe infusion-related reactions, thrombocytopenia, rapid decrement in circulating tumor cell load, and mild electrolyte evidence of tumor lysis, and all required hospitalization. In addition, one patient developed ascites. These events resolved, and four patients were subsequently treated with rituximab without significant complications. CONCLUSION: Rituximab administration in patients who have a high number of tumor cells in the blood may have an increased likelihood of severe initial infusion-related reactions. These data also suggest that rituximab may have activity in a variety of other lymphoid neoplasms, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia and B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = thrombocytopenia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/1830. Two separate episodes of hemophagocytic syndrome at a two-year interval in an apparently immunocompetent male.We describe two separate episodes of hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) at an interval of two years in a seemingly immunocompetent male. This case suggests the possible existence of an inherent predisposition to HPS, in which otherwise negligible self-limited viral infection may trigger HPS. Laboratory data for a 16-year-old boy admitted with persistent high grade fever and severe thrombocytopenia disclosed coagulation abnormality, liver damage, and hypercytokinemia. A bone marrow aspiration revealed a proliferation of histiocytes with fresh hemophagocytosis. We diagnosed that he was suffering from HPS. Responding to steroid pulse therapy, he recovered completely and was discharged. After two years of healthy life, he became febrile again and was readmitted. The fever was refractory to antibiotics and was associated with a sudden drop in platelet count. Laboratory data and the bone marrow picture were consistent with those of HPS. He was again successfully treated with steroid. After the second episode, he has been healthy for more than two years.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = thrombocytopenia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/1830. phenytoin-associated thrombocytopenia in a toddler.Hematologic side effects are rare side effects of treatment with phenytoin. We report a 2-year-old girl who developed reversible thrombocytopenia following treatment with phenytoin. thrombocytopenia as a side effect of phenytoin treatment has usually been reported in adults and generally occurs 2 to 4 weeks after initiation of therapy. In our case, the thrombocytopenia developed on the 11th day of therapy and resolved 5 days after discontinuation of the phenytoin.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = thrombocytopenia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/1830. Fatal neutropenia and thrombocytopenia associated with ticlopidine after stenting.We report 3 cases of fatal neutropenia and thrombocytopenia associated with ticlopidine after coronary stenting. patients should be counseled about the early signs of infection and bleeding and to have regularly scheduled complete blood counts.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = thrombocytopenia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/1830. prenatal diagnosis of thrombocytopenia absent radius (TAR) syndrome and vaginal delivery.A fetus with bilateral radial aplasia was identified on routine ultrasound. The diagnosis of thrombocytopenia absent radius (TAR) syndrome was confirmed with cordocentesis. The differential diagnosis of radial aplasia and prenatal tests available to assist with management are discussed. cordocentesis offered useful information in the management of this case for both diagnosis and in deciding the route of delivery. We believe our case represents the first prenatal diagnosis of TAR syndrome in which vaginal delivery of a liveborn infant was intentionally allowed. Caesarean delivery may not be necessary for all fetuses diagnosed with TAR syndrome.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = thrombocytopenia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/1830. Management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia during continuous renal replacement therapy.heparin-associated thrombocytopenia occurred in a patient during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), resulting in repeated clotting of the extracorporeal circuit and spontaneous hemorrhage. The peripheral platelet count initially appeared to improve by changing to prostacyclin and dalteparin. However, repeated CRRT circuit clotting recurred, and the platelet count decreased once again. This time the synthetic heparinoid, Orgaran (danaparoid), was used and was associated with successful CRRT and return of the platelet count.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 5keywords = thrombocytopenia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/1830. Identification of mutations in the c-mpl gene in congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia.Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT) is a rare disorder expressed in infancy and characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia and megakaryocytopenia with no physical anomalies. Our previous hematological analysis indicated similarities between human CAMT and murine c-mpl (thrombopoietin receptor) deficiency. Because the c-mpl gene was considered as one of the candidate genes for this disorder, we analyzed the genomic sequence of the c-mpl gene of a 10-year-old Japanese girl with CAMT. We detected two heterozygous point mutations: a C-to-T transition at the cDNA nucleotide position 556 (Q186X) in exon 4 and a single nucleotide deletion of thymine at position 1,499 (1,499 delT) in exon 10. Both mutations were predicted to result in a prematurely terminated c-Mpl protein, which, if translated, lacks all intracellular domains essential for signal transduction. Each of the mutations was segregated from the patient's parents. Accordingly, the patient was a compound heterozygote for two mutations of the c-mpl gene, each derived from one of the parents. The present study suggests that at least a certain type of CAMT is caused by the c-mpl mutation, which disrupts the function of thrombopoietin receptor.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 6keywords = thrombocytopenia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/1830. ticlopidine-induced thrombocytopenia.A case is presented of a 58-year-old woman developing profound thrombocytopenia within one week after starting treatment with ticlopidine. ticlopidine was prescribed following coronary artery stenting. The patient recovered rapidly after discontinuation of the drug, suggesting a possible relationship between ticlopidine and thrombocytopenia. Haematological disorders associated with ticlopidine, such as neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and bone marrow aplasia, are rare and usually seen within the first three months of therapy. As the use of ticlopidine increases, clinicians should be aware of haematological complications associated with its use and inform their patients appropriately.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 7keywords = thrombocytopenia (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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