1/283. Lymphonodular form of toxoplasmosis.On the basis of 3 cases of lymphoglandular toxoplasmosis recognized after biopsy of lymph nodes the authors established the clinical and morphological syndrome of this disease entity. attention is called to the possibility of erroneous histological evaluation of the examined lymph nodes owing to the similarity of glandular toxoplasmosis to other diseases of the lymphatic system.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = toxoplasmosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
2/283. Recurrent toxoplasmosis.A case of recurrent toxoplasmosis in a previously healthy 34-year-old woman is reported. Although she was treated 3 times with co-trimoxazole, which in our experience has been efficient in the treatment of toxoplasmosis, and responded to treatment clinically and serologically, she relapsed with clinical symptoms and rise of anti-toxoplasma titres. Hypothetically, toxoplasmosis is a latent infection which can be activated by other diseases and by immunodepression.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.1666666666667keywords = toxoplasmosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
3/283. Two cases of toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with acute T-cell leukaemia and lymphoma.Two cases of opportunistic cerebral infections in hiv-negative cancer patients due to chemotherapy induced immunosuppression are reported. A 61-year-old patient with low grade lymphoma (immunocytoma as referred to the Kiel classification) developed stereotactical biopsy proven toxoplasmic encephalitis 6 months after initiation of fludarabine treatment. The lymphoma had been diagnosed 8 years earlier and had been treated with several different regimens. In the second case, a 55-year-old patient developed neurological symptoms while in complete remission from acute T-cell leukaemia. The patient had been treated with a multidrug chemotherapy regimen including radiotherapy of the brain and intrathecal chemotherapy. When toxoplasmic encephalitis was bioptically diagnosed the patient was on maintenance chemotherapy with methotrexate and mercaptopurine for 12 months. The patients' characteristics and outcome are reported and the potential pathogenesis is discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.5615182780396E-7keywords = cerebral (Clic here for more details about this article) |
4/283. Acquired toxoplasmosis in malaysia.Two cases of acquired toxoplasmosis in asymptomatic Malaysian patients are described. In both instances the diagnosis was first made on the finding of the Piringer-Kuchinka reaction in excised lymph nodes from these patients and serological studies further confirmed the presence of hihg toxoplasmic antibody titres. The characteristic histological features of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis are discussed. diagnosis and management of the disease are briefly reviewed with emphasis that the importance of diagnosing this disease goes beyond the establishment of a mostly self-limiting, clinically unimportant protozoan infection.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.83333333333333keywords = toxoplasmosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
5/283. hiv infection and seizures.New-onset seizures are frequent manifestations of central nervous system disorders in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). seizures are more common in advanced stages of the disease, although they may occur early in the course of illness. In the majority of patients, seizures are of the generalised type. status epilepticus is also frequent. Associated metabolic abnormalities increase the risk for status epilepticus. Cerebral mass lesions, cryptococcal meningitis, and hiv-encephalopathy are common causes of seizures. phenytoin is the most commonly prescribed anticonvulsant in this situation, although several patients may experience hypersensitivity reactions. The prognosis of seizure disorders in hiv-infected patients depends upon the underlying cause.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 3.8272715147023E-7keywords = central nervous system, nervous system (Clic here for more details about this article) |
6/283. Pulmonary toxoplasmosis in bone marrow transplant recipients: report of two cases and review.toxoplasma gondii may cause disseminated disease in bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients. Pulmonary toxoplasmosis in BMT patients is rarely described. mortality rates of >90% have been previously reported. Since pulmonary toxoplasmosis is extremely difficult to diagnose, it is very often detected only at autopsy. Two cases of pulmonary toxoplasmosis in BMT recipients that were diagnosed by visualization of T. gondii tachyzoites in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and by a new semi-nested PCR method amplifying 18S rRNA from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are presented, and the literature on pulmonary toxoplasmosis in BMT patients is reviewed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1.3333333333333keywords = toxoplasmosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
7/283. Skeletal muscle pathology in 2 siblings infected with toxoplasma gondii.Skeletal muscle can be the site of inflammatory diseases that lead to muscle weakness, pain, and increased myogenic serum enzymes. Most of these inflammatory myopathies are idiopathic. In some cases inflammatory myopathies are due to infectious agents. We describe the pathological aspects of muscle biopsies of 2 Brazilian siblings who acquired toxoplasmosis at the same time and in similar conditions. One developed a tetraplegia that was confirmed to be due to inflammatory myositis due to toxoplasma. The other developed myocarditis, with heart failure, without skeletal muscle weakness. In both cases many toxoplasma organisms were observed in the muscle biopsies, but in case 1 only was there an inflammatory myopathy with myofiber necrosis; the inflammatory cells were predominantly macrophages with some CD4 cells and rare CD20 cells. In case 1, expression of CD54 was observed in many inflammatory cells as well in endothelial cells, but only in endothelial cells in case 2. After treatment with clindamycin and corticosteroids both cases had only partial improvement, case 1 with a residual muscle weakness and case 2 with residual cardiac insufficiency (requiring digoxin). These cases show that the presence of the parasite in myofibers is not enough to induce an inflammatory myositis with muscle cell necrosis. This suggests that immunological disturbances may contribute to the development of inflammatory myositis due to toxoplasma.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = toxoplasmosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
8/283. diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in bone marrow transplant recipients: comparison of PCR-based results and immunohistochemistry.toxoplasmosis in bone marrow transplant recipients is a rare but serious complication and if untreated, almost uniformly fatal. The diagnosis, however, remains difficult. We therefore compared serial determination of antibody titers specific for T. gondii before and after transplantation, serial PCR for T. gondii dna in serum, PCR and nested PCR for T. gondii dna in various tissues, conventional histology and immunohistochemistry for detection of parasites in three patients with autopsy-confirmed toxoplasmosis after bone marrow transplantation. immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of parasites in 13 out of 20 organs investigated (65%), whereas PCR detected T. gondii-specific dna in 15 out of 20 organs (75%). immunohistochemistry revealed concordant results to PCR data in 60% of the specimens. With the use of a nested PCR protocol, eight out of nine samples (89%) were positive for T. gondii-specific dna. The combination of both methods detected the presence of parasites in 90% of the specimens. Serial PCR in serum did not yield positive results. Neither PCR nor immunohistochemistry was able to detect parasites in all organs investigated, but both methods together improved sensitivity to 90% and consequently, should be used jointly to maximize diagnostic precision. bone marrow transplantation (2000) 25, 1257-1262.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.83333333333333keywords = toxoplasmosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
9/283. Congestive heart failure and myocarditis after seroconversion for toxoplasmosis in two immunocompetent patients.Two cases of myocarditis and congestive heart failure in immunocompetent patients with seroconversion for toxoplasmosis are reported. Serological tests showed that in the first case the cardiac manifestations occurred at the time of seroconversion (low IgG, raised IgM and IgA), whereas in the second case they occurred several months after the initial infection when IgM was decreasing, IgG levels were very high (>1000 IU/ml) and IgG had high affinity for the antigen. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cardiac involvement in acute or chronic toxoplasmosis are discussed.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 1keywords = toxoplasmosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
10/283. Patterns of sulfadiazine acute nephrotoxicity.sulfadiazine acute nephrotoxicity is reviving specially because of its use in toxoplasmosis in hiv-positive patients. We report 4 cases, one of them in a previously healthy person. Under treatment with sulfadiazine they developed oliguria, abdominal pain, renal failure and showed multiple radiolucent renal calculi in echography. All patients recovered their previous normal renal function after adequate hydration and alcalinization. A nephrostomy tube had to be placed in one of the patients for ureteral lithiasis in a single functional kidney. None of them needed dialysis or a renal biopsy because of a typical benign course. Treatment with sulfadiazine requires exquisite control of renal function, an increase in water ingestion and possibly the alcalinization of the urine. We communicate a case in a previously healthy person, a fact not found in the recent literature. Probably many more cases are not detected. We think that a prospective study would be useful.- - - - - - - - - - ranking = 0.16666666666667keywords = toxoplasmosis (Clic here for more details about this article) |
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